{"id":98442,"date":"2026-04-15T10:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-04-15T02:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/machinedquartz.com\/uv-vis-spectrophotometry-guide\/"},"modified":"2026-06-12T10:22:32","modified_gmt":"2026-06-12T02:22:32","slug":"uv-vis-spectrophotometry-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/machinedquartz.com\/zh-hant\/uv-vis-spectrophotometry-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"UV-Vis \u5206\u5149\u5149\u5ea6\u6cd5\uff1a\u7406\u8ad6\u3001\u5100\u5668\u8207\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u9078\u578b\u5b8c\u6574\u6307\u5357"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"cq-aidef\" style=\"background:#fafbff;border:1px solid #e0e7ff;border-radius:10px;padding:18px 22px;margin:0 0 24px;\"><p style=\"margin:0;font-size:16px;line-height:1.65;color:#1e293b;\"><strong style=\"color:#1a2a6c;\">UV-Vis \u5206\u5149\u5149\u5ea6\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f<\/strong> \u5b9a\u91cf\u91cf\u6e2c\u6a23\u54c1\u5438\u6536\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u7d2b\u5916\u8207\u53ef\u898b\u5149\uff08190\u2013800 nm\uff09\uff0c\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7528\u65bc\u88fd\u85e5\u54c1\u7ba1\u3001\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b78\u3001\u74b0\u5883\u76e3\u6e2c\u3001\u98df\u54c1\u5206\u6790\u8207\u6750\u6599\u79d1\u5b78\u3002\u65b9\u6cd5\u9760\u7684\u662f\u6bd4\u723e-\u6717\u4f2f\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff08A = \u03b5 \u00b7 c \u00b7 L\uff09\u2014\u2014\u5438\u5149\u5ea6\u8207\u5206\u6790\u7269\u6fc3\u5ea6\u3001\u5149\u7a0b\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\u3002\u73fe\u4ee3\u5100\u5668\u53ef\u9054 0.001 AU \u89e3\u6790\u5ea6\u3001\u00b10.5 nm \u6ce2\u9577\u6e96\u78ba\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca < 0.01% \u6a6b\u8de8 5\u20136 \u500b\u6578\u91cf\u7d1a\u52d5\u614b\u7bc4\u570d\u7684\u96dc\u6563\u5149\u3002<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<!-- ============================================================\nPAGE: UV-Vis Spectrophotometry Complete Guide (PILLAR)\nTYPE: WordPress POST (not page) \u2014 matches \/cuvette-selection-guide\/ structure\nSLUG: \/uv-vis-spectrophotometry-guide\/\nPARENT: standalone (linked from CRC toolbar)\nTARGET KEYWORD: UV-Vis spectrophotometry\nSECONDARY: Beer-Lambert law, UV-Vis cuvette, UV-Vis instrumentation, UV-Vis troubleshooting\nMETA TITLE (60 char max):\n  UV-Vis Spectrophotometry: Complete Guide (2026) | MQ\nMETA DESCRIPTION (155 char max):\n  From Beer-Lambert basics to cuvette material cutoffs and troubleshooting \u2014 a working guide to UV-Vis spectrophotometry from a quartz fabricator's view.\n\nTEMPLATE NOTE: Header & footer rendered automatically by WordPress theme.\nThis file contains the post BODY only \u2014 same structure as \/cuvette-selection-guide\/.\nReuses: crc-toolbar (Resource Center hub), csg-hero, csg-toc-floating,\n  csg-section, csg-table, csg-decision, csg-takeaway, csg-cta, csg-faq, csg-related.\n============================================================ -->\n\n<!-- ============================================================\n     CRC RESOURCE CENTER TOOLBAR (top of page \u00b7 6 cards)\n     \"YOU ARE HERE\" highlights this 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640px; padding: 0 8px; }\n.csg-svg-caption strong { color: #1a2a6c; }\n\n<\/style>\n\n<!-- ============================================================\n     HIDDEN H1 (theme renders the visual title; this is for a11y\/SEO)\n============================================================ -->\n\n<h2 class=\"csg-h1\" style=\"position:absolute;left:-9999px;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;\">UV-Vis \u5206\u5149\u5149\u5ea6\u6cd5\uff1a\u7406\u8ad6\u3001\u5100\u5668\u8207\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u9078\u578b\u5b8c\u6574\u6307\u5357<\/h2>\n\n<!-- ============================================================\n     FLOATING TOC (right-side, desktop only, \u22651280px)\n============================================================ -->\n\n<style>\n.csg-toc-floating { position:fixed; right:24px; top:140px; width:260px; background:#fff; border:1px solid #e8eaf0; border-radius:10px; padding:18px 18px 14px; box-shadow:0 4px 16px rgba(20,30,80,0.08); font-size:12.5px; max-height:70vh; overflow-y:auto; z-index:10; }\n\/* Collapsible TOC \u2014 slides to right edge when closed; highlights active section on scroll *\/\n.csg-toc-floating { transition:transform 0.3s ease, right 0.3s ease, border-radius 0.3s ease, padding 0.3s ease, background 0.3s ease; }\n.csg-toc-floating > summary { cursor:pointer; list-style:none; user-select:none; outline:none; }\n.csg-toc-floating > summary::-webkit-details-marker { display:none; }\n.csg-toc-floating > summary::marker { content:\"\"; }\n\n\/* Open state *\/\n.csg-toc-floating[open] > summary::after { content:\"\\25B6\"; float:right; font-size:11px; color:#888; line-height:1.4; margin-left:8px; }\n.csg-toc-floating[open] > ol { animation:csg-toc-slidein 0.25s ease-out; }\n@keyframes csg-toc-slidein { from { opacity:0; transform:translateX(16px); } to { opacity:1; transform:translateX(0); } }\n\n\/* Collapsed state \u2014 only a vertical 36px-wide tab on the right viewport edge *\/\n.csg-toc-floating:not([open]) { right:0 !important; transform:translateX(calc(100% - 36px)); padding:0 !important; border-radius:8px 0 0 8px !important; max-height:none !important; overflow:visible !important; box-shadow:0 4px 16px rgba(20,30,80,0.10) !important; border-color:transparent !important; }\n.csg-toc-floating:not([open]) > summary { writing-mode:vertical-rl; transform:rotate(180deg); padding:20px 10px !important; margin:0 !important; border:none !important; background:linear-gradient(135deg,#1a2a6c 0%,#233a95 100%) !important; color:#fff !important; letter-spacing:1.8px; border-radius:0 8px 8px 0; min-height:140px; text-align:center; font-weight:700; }\n.csg-toc-floating:not([open]) > summary::after { content:\"\\25C0\"; float:none; display:block; margin-top:8px; color:rgba(255,255,255,0.85); transform:rotate(180deg); font-size:13px; }\n.csg-toc-floating:not([open]):hover { transform:translateX(calc(100% - 44px)); }\n\n\/* Active section highlight (scroll-spy) *\/\n.csg-toc-floating li.is-active::before { background:#233a95 !important; color:#fff !important; box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(35,58,149,0.15); }\n.csg-toc-floating li.is-active > a { color:#1a2a6c !important; font-weight:700; }\n.csg-toc-floating li.is-active { background:linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(35,58,149,0.06) 0%, transparent 100%); border-radius:6px; }\n\n.csg-toc-floating-title { font-size:11px; font-weight:700; letter-spacing:1.5px; color:#233a95; text-transform:uppercase; margin-bottom:10px; padding-bottom:8px; border-bottom:1px solid #eef0f6; }\n.csg-toc-floating ol, .csg-toc-floating ul { list-style:none !important; list-style-type:none !important; counter-reset:item; padding:0 !important; margin:0 !important; }\n.csg-toc-floating li { list-style:none !important; counter-increment:item; padding:5px 0 5px 30px !important; margin:0 !important; position:relative; line-height:1.4; }\n.csg-toc-floating li::marker { content:\"\"; }\n.csg-toc-floating li::before { content:counter(item); position:absolute; left:0; top:5px; width:22px; height:22px; background:#eef0f6; border-radius:50%; font-size:10.5px; font-weight:700; color:#666; text-align:center; line-height:22px; }\n.csg-toc-floating li:hover::before { background:#233a95; color:#fff; }\n.csg-toc-floating a { color:#444; text-decoration:none; transition:color 0.15s; display:block; }\n.csg-toc-floating a:hover { color:#233a95; }\n@media (max-width:1280px) { .csg-toc-floating { display:none; } }\n<\/style>\n<details class=\"csg-toc-floating\" open>\n  <summary class=\"csg-toc-floating-title\">\u672c\u9801\u5167\u5bb9<\/summary>\n  <ol>\n    <li><a href=\"#what-is-uv-vis\">\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f UV-Vis \u5206\u5149\u5149\u5ea6\u6cd5\uff1f<\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"#how-it-works\">UV-Vis \u600e\u9ebc\u904b\u4f5c<\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"#beer-lambert\">\u6bd4\u723e-\u6717\u4f2f\u5b9a\u5f8b<\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"#instrumentation\">\u5206\u5149\u5149\u5ea6\u8a08\u5167\u90e8<\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"#cuvette-selection\">\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u9078\u578b\u8207\u6a23\u54c1\u524d\u8655\u7406<\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"#applications\">\u5404\u884c\u696d\u61c9\u7528<\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"#troubleshooting\">\u6545\u969c\u6392\u67e5\u6c7a\u7b56\u6a39<\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"#choosing\">\u5982\u4f55\u9078\u5100\u5668<\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"#vs-other\">UV-Vis vs \u5176\u4ed6\u6280\u8853<\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"#faq\">\u5e38\u898b\u554f\u984c<\/a><\/li>\n  <\/ol>\n<\/details>\n\n<!-- ============================================================\n     PAGE STYLES (csg- namespace, mirrors \/cuvette-selection-guide\/)\n============================================================ -->\n\n<style>\n\/* ===== UV-Vis Pillar \u2014 Page Styles (mirrors Cuvette Selection Guide) ===== *\/\n.csg-page { max-width: 860px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 20px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; }\n\n\/* Hero *\/\n.csg-hero { position:relative; overflow:hidden; 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============================================================\n     HERO\n============================================================ -->\n\n<div class=\"csg-hero\">\n  <div class=\"csg-hero-inner\">\n    <p class=\"csg-hero-eyebrow\">MachinedQuartz \u00b7 \u5be6\u6230\u6307\u5357<\/p>\n    <p class=\"csg-hero-h1\">UV-Vis \u5206\u5149\u5149\u5ea6\u6cd5\uff1a\u7406\u8ad6\u3001\u5100\u5668\u8207\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u9078\u578b<\/p>\n<p class=\"csg-hero-sub\">\u4e00\u4efd\u5be6\u6230\u6307\u5357\uff1aUV-Vis \u600e\u9ebc\u904b\u4f5c\u3001\u4f60\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u53f0\u4e0a\u771f\u7684\u6703\u7528\u5230\u7684\u6bd4\u723e-\u6717\u4f2f\u8a08\u7b97\u3001\u914d\u5f97\u4e0a\u4f60\u6ce2\u9577\u7684\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u6750\u8cea\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5149\u8b5c\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u4e0d\u5c0d\u6642\u7684\u4e94\u6b65\u6545\u969c\u6392\u67e5\u6a39\u2014\u2014\u5f9e\u4e00\u5bb6\u77f3\u82f1\u88fd\u9020\u5546\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u53f0\u8996\u89d2\u5beb\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n    <div class=\"csg-hero-pills\">\n      <span class=\"csg-hero-pill\">10 \u500b\u7ae0\u7bc0<\/span>\n      <span class=\"csg-hero-pill\">3 \u5f35\u53c3\u8003\u8868<\/span>\n      <span class=\"csg-hero-pill\">\u4e94\u6b65\u6545\u969c\u6392\u67e5\u6a39<\/span>\n      <span class=\"csg-hero-pill\">8 \u554f FAQ<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"csg-hero-meta\">\n      <span><strong>\u6700\u5f8c\u66f4\u65b0\uff1a<\/strong> 2026 \u5e74 4 \u6708 30 \u65e5<\/span>\n      <span><strong>3,800 \u5b57<\/strong> \u00b7 \u95b1\u8b80\u7d04 14 \u5206\u9418<\/span>\n      <span><strong>\u9069\u7528\u5c0d\u8c61\uff1a<\/strong> \u5b78\u751f \u00b7 \u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u4e3b\u7ba1 \u00b7 OEM \u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<style>\n.mq-relbar { margin: 24px 0 32px; }\n.mq-relbar-title { font-size:11px; font-weight:700; letter-spacing:1.5px; color:#233a95; text-transform:uppercase; margin-bottom:14px; }\n.mq-relbar-grid { display:grid; gap:10px; }\n.mq-relbar-grid.cols-1 { grid-template-columns:1fr; }\n.mq-relbar-grid.cols-2 { grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr); }\n.mq-relbar-grid.cols-3 { grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr); }\n.mq-relbar-grid.cols-4 { grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr); }\n.mq-relbar-grid.cols-5 { grid-template-columns:repeat(5,1fr); }\n.mq-relbar-grid.cols-6 { grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr); }\n.mq-relbar-grid.cols-7 { grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr); }\n.mq-relbar-card { display:block; padding:12px 14px; background:#f7f8fc; border:1px solid #e8eaf0; border-radius:8px; text-decoration:none !important; transition:transform 0.15s, box-shadow 0.15s, border-color 0.15s; }\n.mq-relbar-card:hover { transform:translateY(-2px); box-shadow:0 4px 14px rgba(26,42,108,0.10); border-color:#1a73e8; background:#fff; }\n.mq-relbar-card-emoji { font-size:18px; line-height:1; display:inline-block; margin-right:6px; vertical-align:middle; }\n.mq-relbar-card-title { font-size:13px; font-weight:700; color:#1a2a6c !important; margin:0; line-height:1.3; display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; text-decoration:none !important; }\n.mq-relbar-card-sub { font-size:11px; color:#666 !important; margin:3px 0 0; line-height:1.4; text-decoration:none !important; }\n@media (max-width:1000px) { .mq-relbar-grid.cols-5, .mq-relbar-grid.cols-6, .mq-relbar-grid.cols-7 { grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr); } .mq-relbar-grid.cols-4 { grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr); } }\n@media (max-width:600px)  { .mq-relbar-grid { grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr) !important; } }\n@media (max-width:380px)  { .mq-relbar-grid { grid-template-columns:1fr !important; } }\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"mq-relbar\"><div class=\"mq-relbar-title\">\u76f8\u95dc\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u6307\u5357<\/div><div class=\"mq-relbar-grid cols-5\"><a class=\"mq-relbar-card\" href=\"https:\/\/machinedquartz.com\/zh-hant\/screw-top-cuvette-guide\/\"><span class=\"mq-relbar-card-emoji\">\ud83d\udd12<\/span><span class=\"mq-relbar-card-title\">\u87ba\u65cb\u84cb<\/span><p class=\"mq-relbar-card-sub\">PTFE \u5167\u896f\u5bc6\u5c01\u84cb<\/p><\/a><a class=\"mq-relbar-card\" href=\"https:\/\/machinedquartz.com\/zh-hant\/demountable-cuvette-guide\/\"><span class=\"mq-relbar-card-emoji\">\ud83d\udd27<\/span><span class=\"mq-relbar-card-title\">\u53ef\u62c6\u5378<\/span><p class=\"mq-relbar-card-sub\">0.5 \/ 1 \/ 2 mm \u6bd4\u8272\u76bf<\/p><\/a><a class=\"mq-relbar-card\" href=\"https:\/\/machinedquartz.com\/zh-hant\/cylindrical-cuvette-guide\/\"><span class=\"mq-relbar-card-emoji\">\ud83e\udd41<\/span><span class=\"mq-relbar-card-title\">\u5713\u67f1\u5f62<\/span><p class=\"mq-relbar-card-sub\">\u6f2b\u53cd\u5c04 UV-Vis<\/p><\/a><a class=\"mq-relbar-card\" href=\"https:\/\/machinedquartz.com\/zh-hant\/quartz-ir-cuvette-guide\/\"><span class=\"mq-relbar-card-emoji\">\ud83d\udce1<\/span><span class=\"mq-relbar-card-title\">NIR \/ IR<\/span><p class=\"mq-relbar-card-sub\">190\u20132500 nm NIR\/IR<\/p><\/a><a class=\"mq-relbar-card\" href=\"https:\/\/machinedquartz.com\/zh-hant\/micro-cuvette-guide\/\"><span class=\"mq-relbar-card-emoji\">\ud83d\udd2c<\/span><span class=\"mq-relbar-card-title\">\u5fae\u91cf \/ \u8d85\u5fae\u91cf<\/span><p class=\"mq-relbar-card-sub\">5\u2013200 \u00b5L \u5bb9\u91cf<\/p><\/a><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"crc-toolbar\">\n  <div class=\"crc-toolbar-header\">\n    <span class=\"crc-icon\">\u26a1<\/span>\n    <h3>\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u8cc7\u6e90\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/h3>\n    <span class=\"crc-sub\">\u2014 \u6311\u4e00\u500b\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5e7e\u79d2\u5167\u627e\u5230\u4f60\u7684\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf<\/span>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"crc-grid\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/machinedquartz.com\/zh-hant\/cuvette-selection-guide\/\" class=\"crc-card\">\n      <span class=\"crc-card-emoji\">\ud83c\udfaf<\/span>\n      <p class=\"crc-card-title\">\u9078\u578b\u6307\u5357<\/p>\n\n      <p class=\"crc-card-sub\">\u4f9d\u7528\u9014\u7684\u6c7a\u7b56\u6a39<\/p>\n    <\/a>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/machinedquartz.com\/cuvettes-and-cells-size-chart\/\" class=\"crc-card\">\n      <span class=\"crc-card-emoji\">\ud83d\udcd0<\/span>\n      <p class=\"crc-card-title\">\u5c3a\u5bf8\u8868<\/p>\n      <p class=\"crc-card-sub\">\u4f9d\u898f\u683c\u7be9\u9078 1,300+ \u6b3e<\/p>\n    <\/a>\n    <div class=\"crc-card crc-current\">\n      <span class=\"crc-card-emoji\">\ud83d\udd2c<\/span>\n      <p class=\"crc-card-title\">UV-Vis \u6307\u5357<\/p>\n      <p class=\"crc-card-sub\">\u7406\u8ad6 \u00b7 \u5100\u5668 \u00b7 \u6bd4\u8272\u76bf<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/machinedquartz.com\/zh-hant\/quartz-cuvette-compatibility-spectrophotometers\/\" class=\"crc-card\">\n      <span class=\"crc-card-emoji\">\ud83d\udd2d<\/span>\n      <p class=\"crc-card-title\">\u5100\u5668\u5339\u914d<\/p>\n      <p class=\"crc-card-sub\">Cary \u00b7 Shimadzu \u00b7 Lambda<\/p>\n    <\/a>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/machinedquartz.com\/zh-hant\/cuvette-material-guide-uv-vis\/\" class=\"crc-card\">\n      <span class=\"crc-card-emoji\">\ud83e\uddea<\/span>\n      <p class=\"crc-card-title\">\u6750\u8cea\u5339\u914d<\/p>\n      <p class=\"crc-card-sub\">JGS1 \u00b7 JGS2 \u00b7 \u85cd\u5bf6\u77f3<\/p>\n    <\/a>\n    <a href=\"\/cuvettes-and-cells-custom-fabrication\/\" class=\"crc-card crc-cta\">\n      <span class=\"crc-card-emoji\">\u270f\ufe0f<\/span>\n      <p class=\"crc-card-title\">\u9700\u8981\u5ba2\u88fd\u5316\uff1f<\/p>\n      <p class=\"crc-card-sub\">24 \u5c0f\u6642\u5167\u53d6\u5f97\u5831\u50f9 \u2192<\/p>\n    <\/a>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- ============================================================\n     AUTHOR BYLINE\n============================================================ -->\n\n<div class=\"csg-byline\">\n  <div>\n    <strong>\u7531 MachinedQuartz \u88fd\u9020\u5718\u968a\u5be9\u95b1<\/strong> \u2014\u2014\u4e00\u7fa4\u81ea 2013 \u5e74\u8d77\u70ba\u5149\u8b5c\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u8207 OEM \u5ba2\u6236\u88fd\u9020\u5149\u5b78\u7d1a\u77f3\u82f1\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u3001\u6bdb\u7d30\u7ba1\u8207\u5ba2\u88fd\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\u8207\u6280\u5e2b\u3002\u672c\u6307\u5357\u4e2d\u95dc\u65bc\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u9078\u578b\u3001Z \u8ef8\u5c3a\u5bf8\u8207\u6750\u8cea\u7b49\u7d1a\u7684\u5be6\u52d9\u7b46\u8a18\uff0c\u4f86\u81ea\u90a3\u689d\u88fd\u9020\u7522\u7dda\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u3002\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- ============================================================\n     SECTION 1 \u00b7 WHAT IS UV-VIS\n============================================================ -->\n\n<div id=\"what-is-uv-vis\">\n<p class=\"csg-label\">\u7b2c 1 \u7bc0<\/p>\n<h2>\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f UV-Vis \u5206\u5149\u5149\u5ea6\u6cd5\uff1f<\/h2>\n<p><strong>UV-Vis \u5206\u5149\u5149\u5ea6\u6cd5<\/strong> \uff08\u4e5f\u5beb\u4f5c <strong>UV\/Vis<\/strong> \u6216 <strong>\u7d2b\u5916-\u53ef\u898b\u5149\u5149\u8b5c<\/strong>\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5b9a\u91cf\u91cf\u6e2c\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u7528\u4f86\u78ba\u5b9a\u6a23\u54c1\u5728 190\u20131100 nm \u7bc4\u570d\u5167\u5438\u6536\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u5149\u3002<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>UV-Vis \u5206\u5149\u5149\u5ea6\u6cd5\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5206\u6790\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u91cf\u6e2c\u6a23\u54c1\u5728\u6bcf\u500b\u6ce2\u9577\u4e0b\u5438\u6536\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u7d2b\u5916\u8207\u53ef\u898b\u5149\u3002<\/strong> \u5438\u6536\u7684\u5716\u8b5c\u6703\u544a\u8a34\u4f60\u6a23\u54c1\u88e1\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u3001\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u3002<\/p>\n\n<p>\u9019\u9805\u6280\u8853\u628a\u5149\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u5206\u6210\u5169\u6bb5\u3002\u7d2b\u5916\u5340\u5927\u7d04\u5f9e 190 \u5230 380 nm\uff0c\u53ef\u898b\u5149\u5340\u5f9e 380 \u5230 780 nm\u3002\u73fe\u4ee3\u5100\u5668\u901a\u5e38\u4e00\u6b21\u6383\u63cf\u5c31\u6383\u5b8c\u5169\u6bb5\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u9084\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u8fd1\u7d05\u5916\u3001\u9054 1100 nm \u6216\u66f4\u9060\u3002<\/p>\n\n<p>UV-Vis \u662f\u5206\u6790\u5316\u5b78\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u6709\u4e09\uff1a\u5feb\uff08\u4e00\u6b21\u5b8c\u6574\u6383\u63cf\u53ea\u8981\u5e7e\u79d2\uff09\u3001\u975e\u7834\u58de\u6027\uff08\u6a23\u54c1\u9084\u80fd\u56de\u6536\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u80fd\u8655\u7406\u5404\u7a2e\u6750\u6599\u2014\u2014\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u3001\u6709\u6a5f\u6eb6\u5291\u3001\u8584\u819c\uff0c\u642d\u914d\u5c0d\u7684\u914d\u4ef6\u9084\u80fd\u505a\u56fa\u9ad4\u8207\u6c23\u9ad4\u3002<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"csg-takeaway\">\n  <strong>\u901f\u8b80\uff1a<\/strong> UV-Vis = \u5149\u9032\u3001\u5149\u51fa\u3001\u7b97\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u5100\u5668\u91cf\u7684\u662f\u5438\u5149\u5ea6\uff1b\u6bd4\u723e-\u6717\u4f2f\u628a\u5b83\u8b8a\u6210\u6fc3\u5ea6\u3002\u672c\u6307\u5357\u5176\u9918\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u8b1b\u600e\u9ebc\u8b93\u9019\u500b\u8a08\u7b97\u771f\u7684\u7b97\u5f97\u6e96\u3002\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- ============================================================\n     SECTION 2 \u00b7 HOW IT WORKS\n============================================================ -->\n\n<div id=\"how-it-works\">\n<p class=\"csg-label\">\u7b2c 2 \u7bc0<\/p>\n<h2>UV-Vis \u600e\u9ebc\u904b\u4f5c\u2014\u2014\u539f\u7406<\/h2>\n\n<figure class=\"csg-svg-figure\">\n<svg viewBox=\"0 0 720 300\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" role=\"img\" aria-labelledby=\"svg1-title\">\n  <title id=\"svg1-title\">UV-Vis \u5206\u5149\u5149\u5ea6\u8a08\u5149\u8def\uff1a\u5149\u6e90\u7d93\u55ae\u8272\u5668\u3001\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u6a23\u54c1\uff0c\u5230\u5075\u6e2c\u5668<\/title>\n  <rect width=\"720\" height=\"300\" fill=\"#ffffff\"\/>\n  <!-- Lamp -->\n  <g>\n    <rect x=\"40\" y=\"110\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\" rx=\"8\"\/>\n    <circle cx=\"80\" cy=\"150\" r=\"22\" fill=\"#fbbf24\"\/>\n    <circle cx=\"80\" cy=\"150\" r=\"10\" fill=\"#fff8a0\"\/>\n    <text x=\"80\" y=\"210\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">\u71c8<\/text>\n    <text x=\"80\" y=\"225\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10\" fill=\"#666\">D\u2082 + \u93a2\u7d72<\/text>\n  <\/g>\n  <!-- Monochromator -->\n  <g>\n    <rect x=\"160\" y=\"110\" width=\"100\" height=\"80\" fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"#233a95\" stroke-width=\"2\" rx=\"6\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"180\" y1=\"130\" x2=\"180\" y2=\"170\" stroke=\"#233a95\" stroke-width=\"1.5\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"190\" y1=\"130\" x2=\"190\" y2=\"170\" stroke=\"#233a95\" stroke-width=\"1.5\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"200\" y1=\"130\" x2=\"200\" y2=\"170\" stroke=\"#233a95\" stroke-width=\"1.5\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"210\" y1=\"130\" x2=\"210\" y2=\"170\" stroke=\"#233a95\" stroke-width=\"1.5\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"220\" y1=\"130\" x2=\"220\" y2=\"170\" stroke=\"#233a95\" stroke-width=\"1.5\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"230\" y1=\"130\" x2=\"230\" y2=\"170\" stroke=\"#233a95\" stroke-width=\"1.5\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"240\" y1=\"130\" x2=\"240\" y2=\"170\" stroke=\"#233a95\" stroke-width=\"1.5\"\/>\n    <text x=\"210\" y=\"210\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">\u55ae\u8272\u5668<\/text>\n    <text x=\"210\" y=\"225\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10\" fill=\"#666\">\u9078\u51fa\u55ae\u4e00 \u03bb<\/text>\n  <\/g>\n  <!-- Beam between lamp and mono -->\n  <line x1=\"120\" y1=\"150\" x2=\"160\" y2=\"150\" stroke=\"#fbbf24\" stroke-width=\"3\"\/>\n  <!-- Beam I0 entering cuvette -->\n  <line x1=\"260\" y1=\"150\" x2=\"370\" y2=\"150\" stroke=\"#fbbf24\" stroke-width=\"4\"\/>\n  <text x=\"315\" y=\"140\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"13\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#dc7a00\">I\u2080<\/text>\n  <text x=\"315\" y=\"170\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10\" fill=\"#666\">\u5165\u5c04<\/text>\n  <!-- Cuvette -->\n  <g>\n    <rect x=\"370\" y=\"100\" width=\"80\" height=\"100\" fill=\"rgba(120,180,240,0.3)\" stroke=\"#1a73e8\" stroke-width=\"2\" rx=\"3\"\/>\n    <circle cx=\"390\" cy=\"130\" r=\"3\" fill=\"#1a73e8\" opacity=\"0.6\"\/>\n    <circle cx=\"430\" cy=\"140\" r=\"3\" fill=\"#1a73e8\" opacity=\"0.6\"\/>\n    <circle cx=\"405\" cy=\"160\" r=\"3\" fill=\"#1a73e8\" opacity=\"0.6\"\/>\n    <circle cx=\"425\" cy=\"175\" r=\"3\" fill=\"#1a73e8\" opacity=\"0.6\"\/>\n    <circle cx=\"395\" cy=\"180\" r=\"3\" fill=\"#1a73e8\" opacity=\"0.6\"\/>\n    <text x=\"410\" y=\"220\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf<\/text>\n    <text x=\"410\" y=\"235\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10\" fill=\"#666\">\u5149\u7a0b l<\/text>\n  <\/g>\n  <!-- Beam I exiting cuvette -->\n  <line x1=\"450\" y1=\"150\" x2=\"560\" y2=\"150\" stroke=\"#fbbf24\" stroke-width=\"2\" opacity=\"0.5\"\/>\n  <text x=\"505\" y=\"140\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"13\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#dc7a00\">I<\/text>\n  <text x=\"505\" y=\"170\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10\" fill=\"#666\">\u900f\u5c04<\/text>\n  <!-- Detector -->\n  <g>\n    <rect x=\"560\" y=\"110\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\" rx=\"8\"\/>\n    <circle cx=\"600\" cy=\"150\" r=\"18\" fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"#fbbf24\" stroke-width=\"3\"\/>\n    <circle cx=\"600\" cy=\"150\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\"\/>\n    <text x=\"600\" y=\"210\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">\u5075\u6e2c\u5668<\/text>\n    <text x=\"600\" y=\"225\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10\" fill=\"#666\">\u91cf\u6e2c I<\/text>\n  <\/g>\n  <!-- Formula -->\n  <rect x=\"220\" y=\"252\" width=\"280\" height=\"36\" fill=\"#f0f4fc\" stroke=\"#1a2a6c\" stroke-width=\"1\" rx=\"6\"\/>\n  <text x=\"360\" y=\"276\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"14\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">A = log\u2081\u2080 (I\u2080 \/ I)<\/text>\n<\/svg>\n<figcaption class=\"csg-svg-caption\"><strong>\u5716 1.<\/strong> UV-Vis \u5149\u5b78\u93c8\u3002\u71c8\u767c\u51fa\u5bec\u5149\u8b5c\uff0c\u55ae\u8272\u5668\u6311\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u6ce2\u9577\uff0c\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u88dd\u6a23\u54c1\uff0c\u5075\u6e2c\u5668\u91cf\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u5149\u5b58\u6d3b\u4e0b\u4f86\u3002\u5438\u5149\u5ea6\u5c31\u662f\u5165\u5c04\u5f37\u5ea6\u5c0d\u900f\u5c04\u5f37\u5ea6\u7684\u5c0d\u6578\u6bd4\u3002<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n\n<p>\u7576\u7d2b\u5916\u6216\u53ef\u898b\u5149\u6253\u5230\u5206\u5b50\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u7576\u5149\u5b50\u80fd\u91cf\u525b\u597d\u7b49\u65bc\u8a72\u5206\u5b50\u5169\u500b\u96fb\u5b50\u80fd\u968e\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u9593\u9699\u6642\uff0c\u5149\u5b50\u624d\u6703\u88ab\u5438\u6536\u3002\u88ab\u5438\u6536\u7684\u5149\u5b50\u628a\u4e00\u500b\u96fb\u5b50\u5f9e\u57fa\u614b\u63d0\u5347\u5230\u66f4\u9ad8\u80fd\u614b\u3002\u80fd\u91cf\u5c0d\u4e0d\u4e0a\u4efb\u4f55\u96fb\u5b50\u9593\u9699\u7684\u5149\u5b50\uff0c\u5c31\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52d5\u5730\u7a7f\u904e\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n\n<p>\u8a18\u9304\u6210\u5149\u8b5c\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u500b\u5206\u5b50\u96fb\u5b50\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u6307\u7d0b\u3002\u4f8b\u884c UV-Vis \u770b\u5230\u7684\u5438\u6536\u5e36\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u90fd\u4f86\u81ea\u4e09\u7a2e\u8e8d\u9077\u985e\u578b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n  <li><strong>\u03c0 \u2192 \u03c0*<\/strong> \u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u5171\u8edb\u7cfb\u7d71\uff08\u70ef\u985e\u3001\u82b3\u9999\u74b0\u3001\u67d3\u6599\uff09\u3002\u5f37\u800c\u5bec\u7684\u5e36\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5728 200 \u5230 400 nm \u4e4b\u9593\u3002<\/li>\n  <li><strong>n \u2192 \u03c0*<\/strong> \u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u5177\u6709\u8207 \u03c0 \u7cfb\u7d71\u76f8\u9130\u5b64\u5c0d\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u5206\u5b50\uff08\u7fb0\u57fa\u3001\u785d\u57fa\uff09\u3002\u8f03\u5f31\u7684\u5e36\uff0c\u6ce2\u9577\u901a\u5e38\u6bd4 \u03c0 \u2192 \u03c0* \u9577\u3002<\/li>\n  <li><strong>d\u2013d<\/strong> \u8e8d\u9077\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u904e\u6e21\u91d1\u5c6c\u932f\u5408\u7269\u3002\u591a\u6578\u91d1\u5c6c\u932f\u5408\u7269\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u53ef\u898b\u984f\u8272\u5c31\u4f86\u81ea\u5b83\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>\u5100\u5668\u8a18\u9304\u6a23\u54c1\u524d\u7684\u5149\u5f37\uff08I\u2080\uff09\u8207\u6a23\u54c1\u5f8c\u7684\u5149\u5f37\uff08I\uff09\u4e4b\u6bd4\u3002\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u6bd4\u503c\u884d\u751f\u51fa\u5169\u500b\u6578\u5b57\uff1a <strong>\u900f\u904e\u7387<\/strong> \uff08T = I\/I\u2080\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u4ee5 %T \u8868\u793a\uff09\u8207 <strong>\u5438\u5149\u5ea6<\/strong> \uff08A = log\u2081\u2080(I\u2080\/I)\uff09\u3002\u5b9a\u91cf\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e00\u5f8b\u7528\u5438\u5149\u5ea6\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5728\u6b63\u78ba\u7bc4\u570d\u5167\u5b83\u8207\u6fc3\u5ea6\u6210\u7dda\u6027\u2014\u2014\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u6bd4\u723e-\u6717\u4f2f\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u898b <a href=\"#beer-lambert\">\u7b2c 3 \u7bc0<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h3>\u8b80\u61c2 UV-Vis \u5149\u8b5c\uff1a\u03bbmax\u3001\u5cf0\u5f62\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u5011\u544a\u8a34\u4f60\u7684\u4e8b<\/h3>\n\n<figure class=\"csg-svg-figure\">\n<svg viewBox=\"0 0 720 360\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" role=\"img\" aria-labelledby=\"svg11-title\">\n  <title id=\"svg11-title\">\u771f\u5be6 UV-Vis \u5149\u8b5c\u7bc4\u4f8b\uff1aBSA \u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u5728 200 \u5230 400 nm \u6383\u63cf\u4e2d\u7684 280 nm \u5438\u6536\u5cf0<\/title>\n  <rect width=\"720\" height=\"360\" fill=\"#ffffff\"\/>\n  <text x=\"360\" y=\"32\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"15\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">\u8b80\u4e00\u5f35\u771f\u5be6 UV-Vis \u5149\u8b5c\u2014\u2014BSA \u86cb\u767d\u8cea\uff0c1 mg\/mL\uff0c10 mm \u6bd4\u8272\u76bf<\/text>\n\n  <!-- Chart area: x 70-680 (610 wide), y 60-280 (220 tall) -->\n  <!-- X axis: 200 to 400 nm -->\n  <!-- Y axis: 0 to 1.2 absorbance -->\n\n  <!-- Grid lines -->\n  <g stroke=\"#e8eaf0\" stroke-width=\"0.8\">\n    <line x1=\"70\" y1=\"100\" x2=\"680\" y2=\"100\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"70\" y1=\"140\" x2=\"680\" y2=\"140\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"70\" y1=\"180\" x2=\"680\" y2=\"180\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"70\" y1=\"220\" x2=\"680\" y2=\"220\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"70\" y1=\"260\" x2=\"680\" y2=\"260\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"131\" y1=\"60\" x2=\"131\" y2=\"280\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"192\" y1=\"60\" x2=\"192\" y2=\"280\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"253\" y1=\"60\" x2=\"253\" y2=\"280\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"314\" y1=\"60\" x2=\"314\" y2=\"280\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"375\" y1=\"60\" x2=\"375\" y2=\"280\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"436\" y1=\"60\" x2=\"436\" y2=\"280\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"497\" y1=\"60\" x2=\"497\" y2=\"280\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"558\" y1=\"60\" x2=\"558\" y2=\"280\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"619\" y1=\"60\" x2=\"619\" y2=\"280\"\/>\n  <\/g>\n\n  <!-- Spectrum curve: BSA absorbance from 200 to 400 nm -->\n  <!-- Realistic shape: high A at 200-220 (peptide), shoulder, drop, peak at 280, decline to baseline by 320 -->\n  <!-- 200 nm \u2192 x=70, 280 nm \u2192 x=314, 400 nm \u2192 x=680. So 1 nm = 3.05 px -->\n  <!-- A scale: 0 \u2192 y=280, 1.2 \u2192 y=60. So 1 A = 183.3 px -->\n  <!-- Curve points (nm, A): -->\n  <!-- 200, 1.10 \u2192 (70, 78.4) -->\n  <!-- 210, 1.05 \u2192 (100.5, 87.5) -->\n  <!-- 220, 0.85 \u2192 (131, 124.2) -->\n  <!-- 230, 0.55 \u2192 (161.5, 179.2) -->\n  <!-- 240, 0.32 \u2192 (192, 221) -->\n  <!-- 250, 0.20 \u2192 (222.5, 243.4) -->\n  <!-- 260, 0.30 \u2192 (253, 225) -->\n  <!-- 270, 0.55 \u2192 (283.5, 179.2) -->\n  <!-- 275, 0.62 \u2192 (298.75, 166.4) -->\n  <!-- 278, 0.65 \u2192 (307.9, 161) -->\n  <!-- 280, 0.66 \u2192 (314, 159) -->\n  <!-- 282, 0.65 \u2192 (320.1, 161) -->\n  <!-- 285, 0.60 \u2192 (329.25, 170) -->\n  <!-- 290, 0.42 \u2192 (344.5, 203) -->\n  <!-- 300, 0.18 \u2192 (375, 247) -->\n  <!-- 320, 0.04 \u2192 (436, 272.7) -->\n  <!-- 350, 0.01 \u2192 (527.5, 278.2) -->\n  <!-- 400, 0.01 \u2192 (680, 278.2) -->\n  <path d=\"M 70 78 Q 90 80 100 87 Q 120 100 131 124 Q 150 145 161 179 Q 180 210 192 221 Q 210 235 223 243 Q 240 233 253 225 Q 275 195 284 179 Q 295 168 308 161 Q 314 159 320 161 Q 330 168 344 203 Q 360 232 375 247 Q 405 268 436 273 Q 470 278 527 278 L 680 278\"\n        stroke=\"#233a95\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" fill=\"none\"\/>\n  <!-- Shade under curve -->\n  <path d=\"M 70 78 Q 90 80 100 87 Q 120 100 131 124 Q 150 145 161 179 Q 180 210 192 221 Q 210 235 223 243 Q 240 233 253 225 Q 275 195 284 179 Q 295 168 308 161 Q 314 159 320 161 Q 330 168 344 203 Q 360 232 375 247 Q 405 268 436 273 Q 470 278 527 278 L 680 278 L 680 280 L 70 280 Z\"\n        fill=\"#1a73e8\" opacity=\"0.10\"\/>\n\n  <!-- \u03bbmax marker at 280 nm -->\n  <line x1=\"314\" y1=\"159\" x2=\"314\" y2=\"280\" stroke=\"#dc2626\" stroke-width=\"1.4\" stroke-dasharray=\"4,3\"\/>\n  <circle cx=\"314\" cy=\"159\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#dc2626\" stroke=\"#fff\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\n  <text x=\"324\" y=\"155\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"12\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#dc2626\">\u03bbmax = 280 nm<\/text>\n  <text x=\"324\" y=\"172\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"600\" fill=\"#dc2626\">A = 0.66<\/text>\n\n  <!-- Annotation arrows \/ labels -->\n  <text x=\"100\" y=\"73\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10\" fill=\"#555\">\u80bd\u9375<\/text>\n  <text x=\"100\" y=\"85\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10\" fill=\"#555\">\u5438\u5149\u5ea6\uff08190\u2013230 nm\uff09<\/text>\n\n  <!-- X axis -->\n  <line x1=\"70\" y1=\"280\" x2=\"680\" y2=\"280\" stroke=\"#333\" stroke-width=\"1.5\"\/>\n  <g font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10\" fill=\"#555\">\n    <line x1=\"70\" y1=\"280\" x2=\"70\" y2=\"286\" stroke=\"#333\"\/>\n    <text x=\"70\" y=\"298\" text-anchor=\"middle\">200<\/text>\n    <line x1=\"131\" y1=\"280\" x2=\"131\" y2=\"286\" stroke=\"#333\"\/>\n    <text x=\"131\" y=\"298\" text-anchor=\"middle\">220<\/text>\n    <line x1=\"192\" y1=\"280\" x2=\"192\" y2=\"286\" stroke=\"#333\"\/>\n    <text x=\"192\" y=\"298\" text-anchor=\"middle\">240<\/text>\n    <line x1=\"253\" y1=\"280\" x2=\"253\" y2=\"286\" stroke=\"#333\"\/>\n    <text x=\"253\" y=\"298\" text-anchor=\"middle\">260<\/text>\n    <line x1=\"314\" y1=\"280\" x2=\"314\" y2=\"286\" stroke=\"#333\"\/>\n    <text x=\"314\" y=\"298\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#dc2626\">280<\/text>\n    <line x1=\"375\" y1=\"280\" x2=\"375\" y2=\"286\" stroke=\"#333\"\/>\n    <text x=\"375\" y=\"298\" text-anchor=\"middle\">300<\/text>\n    <line x1=\"436\" y1=\"280\" x2=\"436\" y2=\"286\" stroke=\"#333\"\/>\n    <text x=\"436\" y=\"298\" text-anchor=\"middle\">320<\/text>\n    <line x1=\"497\" y1=\"280\" x2=\"497\" y2=\"286\" stroke=\"#333\"\/>\n    <text x=\"497\" y=\"298\" text-anchor=\"middle\">340<\/text>\n    <line x1=\"558\" y1=\"280\" x2=\"558\" y2=\"286\" stroke=\"#333\"\/>\n    <text x=\"558\" y=\"298\" text-anchor=\"middle\">360<\/text>\n    <line x1=\"619\" y1=\"280\" x2=\"619\" y2=\"286\" stroke=\"#333\"\/>\n    <text x=\"619\" y=\"298\" text-anchor=\"middle\">380<\/text>\n    <line x1=\"680\" y1=\"280\" x2=\"680\" y2=\"286\" stroke=\"#333\"\/>\n    <text x=\"680\" y=\"298\" text-anchor=\"middle\">400<\/text>\n  <\/g>\n  <text x=\"375\" y=\"318\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"600\" fill=\"#333\">\u6ce2\u9577\uff08nm\uff09<\/text>\n\n  <!-- Y axis -->\n  <line x1=\"70\" y1=\"60\" x2=\"70\" y2=\"280\" stroke=\"#333\" stroke-width=\"1.5\"\/>\n  <g font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10\" fill=\"#555\">\n    <line x1=\"64\" y1=\"60\" x2=\"70\" y2=\"60\" stroke=\"#333\"\/>\n    <text x=\"60\" y=\"64\" text-anchor=\"end\">1.2<\/text>\n    <line x1=\"64\" y1=\"100\" x2=\"70\" y2=\"100\" stroke=\"#333\"\/>\n    <text x=\"60\" y=\"104\" text-anchor=\"end\">1.0<\/text>\n    <line x1=\"64\" y1=\"140\" x2=\"70\" y2=\"140\" stroke=\"#333\"\/>\n    <text x=\"60\" y=\"144\" text-anchor=\"end\">0.8<\/text>\n    <line x1=\"64\" y1=\"180\" x2=\"70\" y2=\"180\" stroke=\"#333\"\/>\n    <text x=\"60\" y=\"184\" text-anchor=\"end\">0.6<\/text>\n    <line x1=\"64\" y1=\"220\" x2=\"70\" y2=\"220\" stroke=\"#333\"\/>\n    <text x=\"60\" y=\"224\" text-anchor=\"end\">0.4<\/text>\n    <line x1=\"64\" y1=\"260\" x2=\"70\" y2=\"260\" stroke=\"#333\"\/>\n    <text x=\"60\" y=\"264\" text-anchor=\"end\">0.2<\/text>\n    <line x1=\"64\" y1=\"280\" x2=\"70\" y2=\"280\" stroke=\"#333\"\/>\n    <text x=\"60\" y=\"284\" text-anchor=\"end\">0.0<\/text>\n  <\/g>\n  <text x=\"20\" y=\"170\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"600\" fill=\"#333\" transform=\"rotate(-90, 20, 170)\">\u5438\u5149\u5ea6\uff08A\uff09<\/text>\n\n  <!-- Bottom takeaway -->\n  <rect x=\"70\" y=\"328\" width=\"610\" height=\"22\" fill=\"#f0f4fc\" stroke=\"#1a2a6c\" stroke-width=\"0.8\" rx=\"4\"\/>\n  <text x=\"375\" y=\"343\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">280 nm \u5cf0\u4f86\u81ea\u8272\u80fa\u9178 + \u916a\u80fa\u9178\u6b98\u57fa \u00b7 A\u2082\u2088\u2080 \u2192 \u900f\u904e \u03b5\u2082\u2088\u2080 = 43,824 M\u207b\u00b9\u00b7cm\u207b\u00b9 \u63db\u7b97 BSA \u6fc3\u5ea6<\/text>\n<\/svg>\n<figcaption class=\"csg-svg-caption\"><strong>\u5716 11.<\/strong> \u4e00\u5f35\u5178\u578b\u7684\u725b\u8840\u6e05\u767d\u86cb\u767d\uff08BSA\uff0c1 mg\/mL \u6eb6\u65bc PBS\uff0c10 mm \u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\uff09UV-Vis \u5149\u8b5c\u3002\u5177\u8a3a\u65b7\u6027\u7684 280 nm \u5cf0\uff0c\u4f86\u81ea\u8272\u80fa\u9178\u8207\u916a\u80fa\u9178\u7684\u82b3\u9999\u65cf\u5074\u93c8\uff1b\u8b80\u51fa 280 nm \u7684 A\u3001\u9664\u4ee5\u5df2\u767c\u8868\u7684\u83ab\u8033\u5438\u5149\u4fc2\u6578\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u900f\u904e\u6bd4\u723e-\u6717\u4f2f\u76f4\u63a5\u5f97\u5230\u6fc3\u5ea6\u3002<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n\n<p>\u6bcf\u500b\u5438\u6536\u5e36\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5438\u5149\u5ea6\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6ce2\u9577\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba <strong>\u03bbmax<\/strong>\u3002\u03bbmax \u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u80fd\u8fa8\u8b58\u767c\u8272\u5718\uff08\u7d05\u79fb = \u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5171\u8edb\u7cfb\u7d71\uff1b\u85cd\u79fb = \u62c9\u96fb\u5b50\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\uff09\u3002\u03bbmax \u8655\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u4ee3\u5165\u6bd4\u723e-\u6717\u4f2f\u7684\u5206\u6790\u8a0a\u865f\u3002\u5cf0\u5f62\u4e5f\u5e36\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff1a\u55ae\u4e00\u5c16\u5cf0\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u7a2e\u7269\u7a2e\uff1b\u80a9\u5cf0\u6216\u5206\u88c2\u5cf0\u6307\u5411\u632f\u52d5\u7cbe\u7d30\u7d50\u69cb\u6216\u6df7\u5408\u7269\uff1b <strong>\u7b49\u5438\u6536\u9ede<\/strong> \uff08\u5169\u689d\u5149\u8b5c\u5728\u56fa\u5b9a\u5438\u5149\u5ea6\u8655\u76f8\u4ea4\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff09\u5247\u8b49\u5be6\u4e00\u500b\u4e7e\u6de8\u7684\u96d9\u7d44\u5206\u5e73\u8861\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- ============================================================\n     SECTION 3 \u00b7 BEER-LAMBERT\n============================================================ -->\n\n<div id=\"beer-lambert\">\n<p class=\"csg-label\">\u7b2c 3 \u7bc0<\/p>\n<h2>\u6bd4\u723e-\u6717\u4f2f\u5b9a\u5f8b<\/h2>\n\n<figure class=\"csg-svg-figure\">\n<svg viewBox=\"0 0 720 320\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" role=\"img\" aria-labelledby=\"svg2-title\">\n  <title id=\"svg2-title\">\u6bd4\u723e-\u6717\u4f2f\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff1a\u6fc3\u5ea6\u56fa\u5b9a\u6642\uff0c\u5438\u5149\u5ea6\u96a8\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u5149\u7a0b\u7dda\u6027\u589e\u52a0<\/title>\n  <rect width=\"720\" height=\"320\" fill=\"#ffffff\"\/>\n  <!-- Title formula -->\n  <rect x=\"140\" y=\"14\" width=\"440\" height=\"44\" fill=\"#f0f4fc\" stroke=\"#1a2a6c\" stroke-width=\"1\" rx=\"6\"\/>\n  <text x=\"360\" y=\"38\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"16\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">A = \u03b5 \u00b7 c \u00b7 l<\/text>\n  <text x=\"360\" y=\"52\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10\" fill=\"#555\">\u540c\u4e00\u5206\u6790\u7269\u3001\u540c\u4e00\u6fc3\u5ea6\u2014\u2014\u53ea\u6709\u5149\u7a0b\u5728\u8b8a<\/text>\n\n  <!-- Cuvette 1: 1 mm -->\n  <g>\n    <text x=\"120\" y=\"92\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"13\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">l = 1 mm<\/text>\n    <line x1=\"60\" y1=\"170\" x2=\"100\" y2=\"170\" stroke=\"#fbbf24\" stroke-width=\"5\"\/>\n    <rect x=\"100\" y=\"110\" width=\"20\" height=\"120\" fill=\"#cfdbf3\" stroke=\"#1a73e8\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"120\" y1=\"170\" x2=\"180\" y2=\"170\" stroke=\"#fbbf24\" stroke-width=\"4.7\" opacity=\"0.95\"\/>\n    <text x=\"120\" y=\"258\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"15\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#233a95\">A = 0.05<\/text>\n    <text x=\"120\" y=\"276\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" fill=\"#666\">\u5438\u5149\u5ea6\u5f88\u4f4e<\/text>\n  <\/g>\n  <!-- Cuvette 2: 5 mm -->\n  <g>\n    <text x=\"340\" y=\"92\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"13\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">l = 5 mm<\/text>\n    <line x1=\"240\" y1=\"170\" x2=\"280\" y2=\"170\" stroke=\"#fbbf24\" stroke-width=\"5\"\/>\n    <rect x=\"280\" y=\"110\" width=\"60\" height=\"120\" fill=\"#9ab8e8\" stroke=\"#1a73e8\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"340\" y1=\"170\" x2=\"400\" y2=\"170\" stroke=\"#fbbf24\" stroke-width=\"3.5\" opacity=\"0.75\"\/>\n    <text x=\"340\" y=\"258\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"15\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#233a95\">A = 0.25<\/text>\n    <text x=\"340\" y=\"276\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" fill=\"#666\">\u4e2d\u6bb5\u2014\u2014\u7406\u60f3<\/text>\n  <\/g>\n  <!-- Cuvette 3: 10 mm -->\n  <g>\n    <text x=\"580\" y=\"92\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"13\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">l = 10 mm<\/text>\n    <line x1=\"460\" y1=\"170\" x2=\"500\" y2=\"170\" stroke=\"#fbbf24\" stroke-width=\"5\"\/>\n    <rect x=\"500\" y=\"110\" width=\"120\" height=\"120\" fill=\"#5783c7\" stroke=\"#1a73e8\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"620\" y1=\"170\" x2=\"660\" y2=\"170\" stroke=\"#fbbf24\" stroke-width=\"2.3\" opacity=\"0.5\"\/>\n    <text x=\"580\" y=\"258\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"15\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#233a95\">A = 0.50<\/text>\n    <text x=\"580\" y=\"276\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" fill=\"#666\">\u6a19\u6e96\u53c3\u8003<\/text>\n  <\/g>\n  <!-- Bottom note -->\n  <text x=\"360\" y=\"310\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" fill=\"#777\">\u5149\u7a0b\u52a0\u500d\uff0c\u5438\u5149\u5ea6\u4e5f\u52a0\u500d\u2014\u2014\u7dda\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u76f4\u5230 A > 1.0\u3002<\/text>\n<\/svg>\n<figcaption class=\"csg-svg-caption\"><strong>\u5716 2.<\/strong> \u628a\u6bd4\u723e-\u6717\u4f2f\u95dc\u4fc2\u756b\u51fa\u4f86\u3002\u4e09\u652f\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u88dd\u540c\u4e00\u6eb6\u6db2\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5149\u7a0b\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5438\u5149\u5ea6\u96a8 l \u7dda\u6027\u8b8a\u5316\u2014\u2014\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u70ba\u4f55 1 mm \u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u80fd\u6551\u6fc3\u5ea6\u904e\u9ad8\u7684\u6a23\u54c1\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7a00\u91cb\u3002<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n\n<p>\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u5b9a\u91cf UV-Vis \u6e2c\u91cf\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u90fd\u56de\u5230\u4e00\u689d\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"csg-takeaway\" style=\"text-align:center; font-size:22px; font-weight:700;\">A = \u03b5 \u00b7 c \u00b7 l<\/div>\n\n<ul>\n  <li><strong>A<\/strong> \u2014\u2014\u5438\u5149\u5ea6\uff0c\u7121\u56e0\u6b21\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5f9e\u5100\u5668\u8b80\u51fa\u3002<\/li>\n  <li><strong>\u03b5<\/strong> \uff08epsilon\uff09\u2014\u2014\u83ab\u8033\u5438\u5149\u4fc2\u6578\uff0c\u55ae\u4f4d M\u207b\u00b9\u00b7cm\u207b\u00b9\u3002\u662f\u5206\u6790\u7269\u5728\u67d0\u6ce2\u9577\u7684\u6027\u8cea\uff1b\u4f60\u67e5\u8868\uff0c\u6216\u7528\u6821\u6b63\u66f2\u7dda\u6e2c\u4e00\u6b21\u3002<\/li>\n  <li><strong>l<\/strong> \u2014\u2014\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u7684\u5149\u7a0b\uff0c\u55ae\u4f4d cm\u3002\u6a19\u6e96\u662f 1 cm\uff0c\u4f46 0.01 cm \u5230 10 cm \u90fd\u5728\u4f8b\u884c\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n  <li><strong>c<\/strong> \u2014\u2014\u5438\u6536\u7269\u7684\u6fc3\u5ea6\uff0c\u55ae\u4f4d mol\u00b7L\u207b\u00b9\uff08\u83ab\u8033\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3>\u4e00\u500b\u5be6\u7b97\u7bc4\u4f8b<\/h3>\n<p>\u5047\u8a2d\u4f60\u5728 1 cm \u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u3001260 nm \u91cf\u5230 A = 0.43\uff0c\u53c8\u77e5\u9053\u4f60\u7684\u5206\u6790\u7269\u5728 260 nm \u7684 \u03b5 \u662f 14,200 M\u207b\u00b9\u00b7cm\u207b\u00b9\u3002\u628a\u6bd4\u723e-\u6717\u4f2f\u91cd\u6392\uff1a<\/p>\n<div class=\"csg-highlight\" style=\"text-align:center;\">c = A \/ (\u03b5 \u00b7 l) = 0.43 \/ (14,200 \u00b7 1) = 3.03 \u00d7 10\u207b\u2075 M = <strong>30.3 \u00b5M<\/strong><\/div>\n\n<h3>0.2\u20131.0 \u7684\u5438\u5149\u5ea6\u7a97\u53e3<\/h3>\n\n<figure class=\"csg-svg-figure\">\n<svg viewBox=\"0 0 720 320\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" role=\"img\" aria-labelledby=\"svg9-title\">\n  <title id=\"svg9-title\">UV-Vis \u5438\u5149\u5ea6\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a97\u53e3\uff1a0.2 \u5230 1.0 \u70ba\u7406\u60f3\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u4f4e\u65bc 0.2 \u662f\u96dc\u8a0a\u5340\uff0c\u9ad8\u65bc 1.0 \u662f\u975e\u7dda\u6027\u5340<\/title>\n  <rect width=\"720\" height=\"320\" fill=\"#ffffff\"\/>\n  <text x=\"360\" y=\"32\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"15\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">0.2 \u2013 1.0 \u5438\u5149\u5ea6\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a97\u53e3<\/text>\n  <text x=\"360\" y=\"52\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" fill=\"#555\">\u6bd4\u723e-\u6717\u4f2f\u53ea\u5728\u9019\u4e00\u5e36\u5167\u7dda\u6027\u2014\u2014\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u8b80\u6578\uff0c\u51fa\u754c\u5c31\u7a00\u91cb\u6216\u63db\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf<\/text>\n\n  <!-- Horizontal axis = absorbance from 0 to 2.5 -->\n  <!-- Chart x: 60 to 660, total 600px \/ 2.5 = 240 px per A unit -->\n  <!-- Bar regions: noise (0-0.2), ideal (0.2-1.0), non-linear (1.0-2.0), unusable (2.0-2.5) -->\n  <!-- 0 \u2192 60, 0.2 \u2192 108, 1.0 \u2192 300, 2.0 \u2192 540, 2.5 \u2192 660 -->\n\n  <!-- Region bars stacked -->\n  <rect x=\"60\" y=\"100\" width=\"48\" height=\"60\" fill=\"#e0e7ff\"\/>\n  <rect x=\"108\" y=\"100\" width=\"192\" height=\"60\" fill=\"#bbf7d0\"\/>\n  <rect x=\"300\" y=\"100\" width=\"240\" height=\"60\" fill=\"#fde68a\"\/>\n  <rect x=\"540\" y=\"100\" width=\"120\" height=\"60\" fill=\"#fecaca\"\/>\n\n  <!-- Region labels -->\n  <text x=\"84\" y=\"135\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#3730a3\">\u96dc\u8a0a<\/text>\n  <text x=\"84\" y=\"150\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"9\" fill=\"#3730a3\">A < 0.2<\/text>\n  <text x=\"204\" y=\"130\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"13\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#15803d\">\u7406\u60f3<\/text>\n  <text x=\"204\" y=\"148\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#15803d\">0.2 \u2013 1.0<\/text>\n  <text x=\"420\" y=\"130\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"13\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#a16207\">\u975e\u7dda\u6027<\/text>\n  <text x=\"420\" y=\"148\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" fill=\"#a16207\">1.0 \u2013 2.0<\/text>\n  <text x=\"600\" y=\"135\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#b91c1c\">\u7121\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528<\/text>\n  <text x=\"600\" y=\"150\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"9\" fill=\"#b91c1c\">A > 2.0<\/text>\n\n  <!-- Axis -->\n  <line x1=\"60\" y1=\"180\" x2=\"660\" y2=\"180\" stroke=\"#333\" stroke-width=\"1.5\"\/>\n  <g font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10\" fill=\"#555\">\n    <line x1=\"60\" y1=\"180\" x2=\"60\" y2=\"186\" stroke=\"#333\"\/>\n    <text x=\"60\" y=\"200\" text-anchor=\"middle\">0.0<\/text>\n    <line x1=\"108\" y1=\"180\" x2=\"108\" y2=\"186\" stroke=\"#333\"\/>\n    <text x=\"108\" y=\"200\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#15803d\">0.2<\/text>\n    <line x1=\"180\" y1=\"180\" x2=\"180\" y2=\"186\" stroke=\"#333\"\/>\n    <text x=\"180\" y=\"200\" text-anchor=\"middle\">0.5<\/text>\n    <line x1=\"300\" y1=\"180\" x2=\"300\" y2=\"186\" stroke=\"#333\"\/>\n    <text x=\"300\" y=\"200\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#15803d\">1.0<\/text>\n    <line x1=\"420\" y1=\"180\" x2=\"420\" y2=\"186\" stroke=\"#333\"\/>\n    <text x=\"420\" y=\"200\" text-anchor=\"middle\">1.5<\/text>\n    <line x1=\"540\" y1=\"180\" x2=\"540\" y2=\"186\" stroke=\"#333\"\/>\n    <text x=\"540\" y=\"200\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#a16207\">2.0<\/text>\n    <line x1=\"660\" y1=\"180\" x2=\"660\" y2=\"186\" stroke=\"#333\"\/>\n    <text x=\"660\" y=\"200\" text-anchor=\"middle\">2.5<\/text>\n  <\/g>\n  <text x=\"360\" y=\"220\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"12\" font-weight=\"600\" fill=\"#333\">\u5438\u5149\u5ea6\uff08A\uff09<\/text>\n\n  <!-- Action arrows below ideal range -->\n  <g>\n    <text x=\"60\" y=\"260\" text-anchor=\"start\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#3730a3\">\u2191 \u6a23\u54c1\u592a\u7a00\uff1f<\/text>\n    <text x=\"60\" y=\"278\" text-anchor=\"start\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" fill=\"#555\">\u6fc3\u7e2e\uff0c\u6216\u6539\u7528\u66f4\u9577\u5149\u7a0b\uff0810 \u2192 50 mm\uff09\u3002<\/text>\n    <text x=\"660\" y=\"260\" text-anchor=\"end\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#b91c1c\">\u2191 \u6a23\u54c1\u592a\u6fc3\uff1f<\/text>\n    <text x=\"660\" y=\"278\" text-anchor=\"end\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" fill=\"#555\">\u7a00\u91cb\uff0c\u6216\u63db 1 mm \u6216\u8d85\u5fae\u91cf\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u3002<\/text>\n  <\/g>\n  <text x=\"360\" y=\"305\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" fill=\"#777\" font-style=\"italic\">\u73fe\u4ee3\u5149\u4e8c\u6975\u9ad4\u9663\u5217\u5075\u6e2c\u5668\u5927\u81f4\u5728 A \u2248 1.0 \u5167\u90fd\u7dda\u6027\uff1b\u820a\u5100\u5668\u53ea\u5230 0.5\u3002<\/text>\n<\/svg>\n<figcaption class=\"csg-svg-caption\"><strong>\u5716 9.<\/strong> \u6bcf\u4f4d\u5149\u8b5c\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u90fd\u8a72\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u56db\u500b\u5438\u5149\u5ea6\u5340\u3002\u4f4e\u65bc 0.2\uff0c\u8a0a\u865f\u57cb\u5728\u5075\u6e2c\u5668\u96dc\u8a0a\u88e1\uff1b0.2 \u5230 1.0 \u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u6bd4\u723e-\u6717\u4f2f\u7dda\u6027\u53c8\u53ef\u91cd\u73fe\uff1b1.0 \u5230 2.0 \u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u96dc\u6563\u5149\u8207\u975e\u7dda\u6027\u6084\u6084\u6ef2\u5165\uff1b\u9ad8\u65bc 2.0\uff0c\u9019\u6b21\u6e2c\u91cf\u5c31\u6551\u4e0d\u56de\u4f86\u4e86\u3002<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n\n<p>\u6bd4\u723e-\u6717\u4f2f\u53ea\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u5de5\u4f5c\u7bc4\u570d\u5167\u7dda\u6027\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f <strong>A = 0.2 \u5230 1.0<\/strong> \uff0c\u5c0d\u591a\u6578\u5100\u5668\u800c\u8a00\uff08\u898b IUPAC \u8207 <a href=\"https:\/\/chem.libretexts.org\/Bookshelves\/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps\/Supplemental_Modules_(Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry)\/Spectroscopy\/Electronic_Spectroscopy\/Electronic_Spectroscopy_Basics\/The_Beer-Lambert_Law\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Chemistry LibreTexts \u7684\u8aaa\u660e<\/a> \uff09\u3002\u820a\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u5f15\u7528 0.2\u20130.5\uff1b\u73fe\u4ee3\u5149\u4e8c\u6975\u9ad4\u9663\u5217\u5075\u6e2c\u5668\u5230\u7d04 1.0 \u9084\u7dda\u6027\u3001\u6709\u6642\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002\u4f4e\u65bc 0.2\uff0c\u8a0a\u865f\u88ab\u5075\u6e2c\u5668\u96dc\u8a0a\u4e3b\u5c0e\u3002\u9ad8\u65bc 1.0\uff0c\u4e09\u4ef6\u4e8b\u958b\u59cb\u4f5c\u602a\uff1a\u96dc\u6563\u5149\u3001\u5075\u6e2c\u5668\u975e\u7dda\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5316\u5b78\u6548\u61c9\uff08\u805a\u96c6\u3001\u6298\u5c04\u7387\u8b8a\u5316\uff09\u3002A \u592a\u9ad8\u6216\u592a\u4f4e\u6642\uff0c\u89e3\u6cd5\u5e7e\u4e4e\u90fd\u662f\u5169\u62db\u4e4b\u4e00\u2014\u2014\u7a00\u91cb\u6a23\u54c1\uff0c\u6216\u6539\u5149\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"csg-highlight\">\n  <strong>\u60f3\u63db\u5149\u7a0b\u53c8\u4e0d\u60f3\u91cd\u7b97\uff1f<\/strong> \u6211\u5011\u7684 <a href=\"https:\/\/machinedquartz.com\/path-length-calculator\/\">\u5149\u7a0b\u8a08\u7b97\u5668<\/a> \u80fd\u5728\u4efb\u610f\u5169\u652f\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u4e4b\u9593\u63db\u7b97\u5438\u5149\u5ea6\uff0c\u8b93\u4f60\u4e00\u773c\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u8a72\u62ff\u54ea\u4e00\u652f\u3002\n<\/div>\n\n<h3>\u6bd4\u723e-\u6717\u4f2f\u5931\u6548\u6642<\/h3>\n<p>\u504f\u96e2\u7dda\u6027\u7684\u5e38\u898b\u5acc\u72af\u5c31\u90a3\u5e7e\u500b\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n  <li><strong>\u9ad8\u6fc3\u5ea6<\/strong> \uff08\u901a\u5e38 > 0.01 M\uff09\u2014\u2014\u5206\u6790\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u5f7c\u6b64\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u9023 \u03b5 \u672c\u8eab\u90fd\u958b\u59cb\u96a8 c \u8b8a\u5316\u3002<\/li>\n  <li><strong>\u6563\u5c04<\/strong> \u2014\u2014\u6df7\u6fc1\u6a23\u54c1\u3001\u61f8\u6d6e\u9846\u7c92\u6216\u672a\u904e\u6ffe\u7684\u751f\u7269\u6a23\u54c1\uff0c\u6703\u5728\u6240\u6709\u6ce2\u9577\u62ac\u9ad8\u8868\u89c0\u5438\u5149\u5ea6\u3002\u904e\u6ffe\u3001\u96e2\u5fc3\uff0c\u6216\u7528\u57fa\u7dda\u6263\u9664\u6821\u6b63\u3002<\/li>\n  <li><strong>\u591a\u8272\u5149<\/strong> \u2014\u2014\u5728\u5149\u8b5c\u9661\u5ced\u8655\u7528\u904e\u5bec\u7684\u5100\u5668\u983b\u5bec\uff0c\u6703\u7d66\u51fa\u975e\u7dda\u6027\u97ff\u61c9\u3002\u5100\u5668\u5141\u8a31\u7684\u8a71\u5c31\u628a\u72f9\u7e2b\u6536\u7a84\u3002<\/li>\n  <li><strong>\u96dc\u6563\u5149<\/strong> \u2014\u2014\u6c92\u7d93\u904e\u55ae\u8272\u5668\u537b\u62b5\u9054\u5075\u6e2c\u5668\u7684\u5149\uff1b\u898b <a href=\"#troubleshooting\">\u7b2c 7 \u7bc0<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- ============================================================\n     SECTION 4 \u00b7 INSTRUMENTATION\n============================================================ -->\n\n<div id=\"instrumentation\">\n<p class=\"csg-label\">\u7b2c 4 \u7bc0<\/p>\n<h2>UV-Vis \u5206\u5149\u5149\u5ea6\u8a08\u5167\u90e8<\/h2>\n\n<figure class=\"csg-svg-figure\">\n<svg viewBox=\"0 0 720 360\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" role=\"img\" aria-labelledby=\"svg6-title\">\n  <title id=\"svg6-title\">UV-Vis \u5206\u5149\u5149\u5ea6\u8a08\u5167\u90e8\uff1a\u71c8\u3001\u72f9\u7e2b\u3001\u55ae\u8272\u5668\u5149\u67f5\u3001\u88dd\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u7684\u6a23\u54c1\u5ba4\u8207\u5075\u6e2c\u5668\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u89e3\u6790<\/title>\n  <rect width=\"720\" height=\"360\" fill=\"#ffffff\"\/>\n  <!-- instrument outer chassis -->\n  <rect x=\"20\" y=\"80\" width=\"680\" height=\"200\" fill=\"#fafbff\" stroke=\"#1a2a6c\" stroke-width=\"2\" rx=\"10\"\/>\n\n  <!-- Lamp -->\n  <g>\n    <rect x=\"40\" y=\"150\" width=\"65\" height=\"65\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\" rx=\"6\"\/>\n    <circle cx=\"72.5\" cy=\"182.5\" r=\"18\" fill=\"#fbbf24\"\/>\n    <circle cx=\"72.5\" cy=\"182.5\" r=\"9\" fill=\"#fff8a0\"\/>\n    <text x=\"72.5\" y=\"135\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">\u71c8<\/text>\n    <text x=\"72.5\" y=\"245\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"9\" fill=\"#666\">D\u2082 + W<\/text>\n  <\/g>\n  <!-- Entrance slit -->\n  <g>\n    <rect x=\"125\" y=\"160\" width=\"14\" height=\"50\" fill=\"#444\"\/>\n    <rect x=\"125\" y=\"180\" width=\"14\" height=\"10\" fill=\"#fff\"\/>\n    <text x=\"132\" y=\"135\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">\u72f9\u7e2b<\/text>\n    <text x=\"132\" y=\"245\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"9\" fill=\"#666\">\u6536\u7a84\u5149\u675f<\/text>\n  <\/g>\n  <!-- Monochromator (grating) -->\n  <g>\n    <rect x=\"160\" y=\"150\" width=\"100\" height=\"80\" fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"#233a95\" stroke-width=\"2\" rx=\"6\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"172\" y1=\"160\" x2=\"172\" y2=\"220\" stroke=\"#233a95\" stroke-width=\"1.3\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"180\" y1=\"160\" x2=\"180\" y2=\"220\" stroke=\"#233a95\" stroke-width=\"1.3\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"188\" y1=\"160\" x2=\"188\" y2=\"220\" stroke=\"#233a95\" stroke-width=\"1.3\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"196\" y1=\"160\" x2=\"196\" y2=\"220\" stroke=\"#233a95\" stroke-width=\"1.3\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"204\" y1=\"160\" x2=\"204\" y2=\"220\" stroke=\"#233a95\" stroke-width=\"1.3\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"212\" y1=\"160\" x2=\"212\" y2=\"220\" stroke=\"#233a95\" stroke-width=\"1.3\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"220\" y1=\"160\" x2=\"220\" y2=\"220\" stroke=\"#233a95\" stroke-width=\"1.3\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"228\" y1=\"160\" x2=\"228\" y2=\"220\" stroke=\"#233a95\" stroke-width=\"1.3\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"236\" y1=\"160\" x2=\"236\" y2=\"220\" stroke=\"#233a95\" stroke-width=\"1.3\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"244\" y1=\"160\" x2=\"244\" y2=\"220\" stroke=\"#233a95\" stroke-width=\"1.3\"\/>\n    <text x=\"210\" y=\"135\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">\u55ae\u8272\u5668<\/text>\n    <text x=\"210\" y=\"245\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"9\" fill=\"#666\">\u9078\u51fa\u55ae\u4e00 \u03bb<\/text>\n  <\/g>\n  <!-- Exit slit -->\n  <g>\n    <rect x=\"280\" y=\"160\" width=\"14\" height=\"50\" fill=\"#444\"\/>\n    <rect x=\"280\" y=\"180\" width=\"14\" height=\"10\" fill=\"#fff\"\/>\n  <\/g>\n  <!-- Beam from lamp through monochromator -->\n  <line x1=\"105\" y1=\"185\" x2=\"125\" y2=\"185\" stroke=\"#fbbf24\" stroke-width=\"3\"\/>\n  <line x1=\"139\" y1=\"185\" x2=\"160\" y2=\"185\" stroke=\"#fbbf24\" stroke-width=\"2.5\"\/>\n  <line x1=\"260\" y1=\"185\" x2=\"280\" y2=\"185\" stroke=\"#fbbf24\" stroke-width=\"3\"\/>\n  <!-- Beam to cuvette -->\n  <line x1=\"294\" y1=\"185\" x2=\"395\" y2=\"185\" stroke=\"#fbbf24\" stroke-width=\"4\"\/>\n  <text x=\"345\" y=\"170\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#dc7a00\">I\u2080<\/text>\n  <!-- Sample compartment with cuvette -->\n  <g>\n    <rect x=\"395\" y=\"135\" width=\"100\" height=\"100\" fill=\"#f0f4fc\" stroke=\"#888\" stroke-width=\"1\" rx=\"4\" stroke-dasharray=\"4,3\"\/>\n    <rect x=\"420\" y=\"155\" width=\"50\" height=\"60\" fill=\"rgba(120,180,240,0.3)\" stroke=\"#1a73e8\" stroke-width=\"2\" rx=\"2\"\/>\n    <circle cx=\"430\" cy=\"170\" r=\"2.5\" fill=\"#1a73e8\" opacity=\"0.7\"\/>\n    <circle cx=\"455\" cy=\"180\" r=\"2.5\" fill=\"#1a73e8\" opacity=\"0.7\"\/>\n    <circle cx=\"440\" cy=\"195\" r=\"2.5\" fill=\"#1a73e8\" opacity=\"0.7\"\/>\n    <circle cx=\"460\" cy=\"205\" r=\"2.5\" fill=\"#1a73e8\" opacity=\"0.7\"\/>\n    <text x=\"445\" y=\"135\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">\u6a23\u54c1\u5ba4<\/text>\n    <text x=\"445\" y=\"248\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"9\" fill=\"#666\">\u653e\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf<\/text>\n  <\/g>\n  <!-- Beam exiting cuvette -->\n  <line x1=\"470\" y1=\"185\" x2=\"570\" y2=\"185\" stroke=\"#fbbf24\" stroke-width=\"2\" opacity=\"0.5\"\/>\n  <text x=\"520\" y=\"170\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#dc7a00\">I<\/text>\n  <!-- Detector -->\n  <g>\n    <rect x=\"570\" y=\"150\" width=\"65\" height=\"65\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\" rx=\"6\"\/>\n    <circle cx=\"602.5\" cy=\"182.5\" r=\"16\" fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"#fbbf24\" stroke-width=\"3\"\/>\n    <circle cx=\"602.5\" cy=\"182.5\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\"\/>\n    <text x=\"602.5\" y=\"135\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">\u5075\u6e2c\u5668<\/text>\n    <text x=\"602.5\" y=\"245\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"9\" fill=\"#666\">\u5149\u4e8c\u6975\u9ad4 \/ PMT<\/text>\n  <\/g>\n  <!-- Output to electronics (line) -->\n  <line x1=\"635\" y1=\"185\" x2=\"680\" y2=\"185\" stroke=\"#666\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-dasharray=\"3,3\"\/>\n  <rect x=\"650\" y=\"220\" width=\"40\" height=\"22\" fill=\"#666\" rx=\"3\"\/>\n  <text x=\"670\" y=\"236\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#fff\">A\/D<\/text>\n  <!-- Top label -->\n  <text x=\"360\" y=\"50\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"15\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">UV-Vis \u5206\u5149\u5149\u5ea6\u8a08\u2014\u2014\u5143\u4ef6\u914d\u7f6e<\/text>\n  <text x=\"360\" y=\"68\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" fill=\"#555\">\u71c8 \u2192 \u72f9\u7e2b \u2192 \u55ae\u8272\u5668 \u2192 \u6a23\u54c1 \u2192 \u5075\u6e2c\u5668 \u2192 A\/D \u8f49\u63db<\/text>\n  <!-- Bottom flow arrows -->\n  <text x=\"360\" y=\"320\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" fill=\"#777\">\u6bcf\u500b\u5143\u4ef6\u90fd\u5404\u81ea\u8ca2\u737b\u4e00\u7a2e\u5931\u6548\u6a21\u5f0f\u2014\u2014\u898b \u00a7 7 \u6545\u969c\u6392\u67e5\u6a39\u3002<\/text>\n  <!-- Component flow indicator -->\n  <rect x=\"60\" y=\"335\" width=\"600\" height=\"14\" fill=\"#f0f4fc\" rx=\"4\"\/>\n  <line x1=\"100\" y1=\"342\" x2=\"610\" y2=\"342\" stroke=\"#1a2a6c\" stroke-width=\"1.5\"\/>\n  <polygon points=\"610,338 610,346 620,342\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\"\/>\n  <g font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"9\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">\n    <text x=\"80\" y=\"346\" text-anchor=\"middle\">\u5149<\/text>\n    <text x=\"200\" y=\"346\" text-anchor=\"middle\">\u9078\u5b9a\u7684 \u03bb<\/text>\n    <text x=\"350\" y=\"346\" text-anchor=\"middle\">\u7a7f\u904e\u6a23\u54c1<\/text>\n    <text x=\"510\" y=\"346\" text-anchor=\"middle\">\u8870\u6e1b\u5f8c<\/text>\n    <text x=\"640\" y=\"346\" text-anchor=\"middle\">\u2192 \u8cc7\u6599<\/text>\n  <\/g>\n<\/svg>\n<figcaption class=\"csg-svg-caption\"><strong>\u5716 6.<\/strong> \u7814\u7a76\u7d1a UV-Vis \u5206\u5149\u5149\u5ea6\u8a08\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u89e3\u6790\u3002\u71c8\u767c\u51fa\u5bec\u9023\u7e8c\u5149\u8b5c\uff0c\u72f9\u7e2b\u754c\u5b9a\u4e00\u9053\u7a84\u5149\u675f\uff0c\u55ae\u8272\u5668\u9078\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u6ce2\u9577\uff0c\u6a23\u54c1\u5ba4\u653e\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\uff0c\u5075\u6e2c\u5668\u628a\u5b58\u6d3b\u7684\u5149\u5b50\u8f49\u6210\u96fb\u6d41\u3002\u9019\u88e1\u5217\u7684\u6bcf\u500b\u5143\u4ef6\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5931\u6548\u6a21\u5f0f\u2014\u2014\u6545\u969c\u6392\u67e5\u6a39\u898b \u00a7 7\u3002<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n\n<p>\u4e00\u53f0 UV-Vis \u5206\u5149\u5149\u5ea6\u8a08\u6709\u56db\u500b\u529f\u80fd\u5340\u584a\uff1a\u5149\u6e90\u3001\u6ce2\u9577\u9078\u64c7\u5668\uff08\u55ae\u8272\u5668\u6216\u9663\u5217\uff09\u3001\u6a23\u54c1\u5ba4\u3001\u5075\u6e2c\u5668\u3002\u5e02\u9762\u4e0a\u6bcf\u53f0\u5100\u5668\u90fd\u662f\u9019\u500b\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8b8a\u9ad4\u3002<\/p>\n\n<h3>4.1 \u5149\u6e90<\/h3>\n<div class=\"csg-table-wrap\">\n<table class=\"csg-table\">\n  <thead><tr><th>\u5149\u6e90<\/th><th>\u53ef\u7528\u7bc4\u570d<\/th><th>\u54ea\u88e1\u6703\u7528\u5230<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n  <tbody>\n    <tr><td>\u6c18\u5f27\u71c8<\/td><td>190\u2013400 nm<\/td><td>\u6bcf\u53f0\u7814\u7a76\u7d1a\u5100\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u7d2b\u5916\u71c8<\/td><\/tr>\n    <tr><td>\u93a2\u9e75\u7d20<\/td><td>320\u20132,500 nm<\/td><td>\u53ef\u898b\u5149\/NIR \u71c8\uff1b\u8207\u6c18\u71c8\u642d\u914d<\/td><\/tr>\n    <tr><td>\u6c19\u5f27 \/ \u9583\u5149<\/td><td>190\u20132,000 nm<\/td><td>\u55ae\u4e00\u5149\u6e90\u7684\u7cbe\u5de7\u578b\u8207\u9663\u5217\u5100\u5668<\/td><\/tr>\n    <tr><td>LED<\/td><td>\u6a6b\u8de8 UV-Vis \u7684\u96e2\u6563\u6ce2\u6bb5<\/td><td>\u7cbe\u5de7\u3001\u53ef\u651c\u8207\u73fe\u5834\u5100\u5668<\/td><\/tr>\n  <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n\n<h3>4.2 \u55ae\u8272\u5668<\/h3>\n<p>\u55ae\u8272\u5668\u5f9e\u71c8\u7684\u5bec\u8f38\u51fa\u88e1\u6311\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u6ce2\u9577\u3002\u5b83\u6709\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u5165\u5c04\u72f9\u7e2b\u3001\u8272\u6563\u5143\u4ef6\uff08\u5e7e\u4e4e\u90fd\u662f\u5168\u50cf\u7e5e\u5c04\u5149\u67f5\uff1b\u820a\u5100\u5668\u7528\u7a1c\u93e1\uff09\u3001\u51fa\u5c04\u72f9\u7e2b\u3002\u8f49\u52d5\u5149\u67f5\u5c31\u6383\u904e\u5404\u6ce2\u9577\u3002\u72f9\u7e2b\u5bec\u5ea6\u6c7a\u5b9a <strong>\u5149\u8b5c\u983b\u5bec<\/strong> \u2014\u2014\u72f9\u7e2b\u8d8a\u7a84 = \u5cf0\u8d8a\u5c16\u4f46\u8a0a\u865f\u8d8a\u4f4e\u3002\u73fe\u4ee3\u5168\u50cf\u5149\u67f5\u7684\u96dc\u6563\u5149\u9060\u4f4e\u65bc\u820a\u5f0f\u6a5f\u68b0\u523b\u5283\u5149\u67f5\uff0c\u96d9\u55ae\u8272\u5668\u8a2d\u8a08\u628a\u5169\u500b\u4e32\u806f\uff0c\u80fd\u628a\u96dc\u6563\u5149\u898f\u683c\u58d3\u5230 0.0001% \u4ee5\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n<h3>4.3 \u6a23\u54c1\u5ba4<\/h3>\n<p>\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u5c31\u653e\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u3002\u591a\u6578\u684c\u4e0a\u578b\u5100\u5668\u653e\u4e00\u652f 10 mm \u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u3001Z \u8ef8\u5149\u675f\u9ad8\u5ea6 8.5 \u6216 15 mm\uff0c\u591a\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u8f49\u76e4\u8207 Peltier \u6046\u6eab\u5ea7\u662f\u914d\u4ef6\u3002\u975e\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u6a23\u54c1\u6642\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u5ba4\u4e5f\u80fd\u653e <a href=\"https:\/\/machinedquartz.com\/fused-quartz-plates\/\">\u6d41\u901a\u6c60\u3001\u56fa\u5b9a\u677f<\/a>\u3001\u5149\u7e96\u6d78\u5165\u63a2\u982d\uff0c\u6216 <a href=\"https:\/\/machinedquartz.com\/fused-quartz-discs\/\">\u7a4d\u5206\u7403<\/a> \u7528\u65bc\u56fa\u9ad4\u8207\u8584\u819c\u3002<\/p>\n\n<h3>4.4 \u5075\u6e2c\u5668<\/h3>\n<p>\u56db\u7a2e\u5075\u6e2c\u5668\u6280\u8853\u70ba\u4e3b\u6d41\u3002 <strong>\u5149\u96fb\u500d\u589e\u7ba1\uff08PMT\uff09<\/strong> \u662f\u4f4e\u5149\u7d2b\u5916\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u9ad8\u9748\u654f\u5ea6\u4e4b\u9078\u3002 <strong>\u77fd\u5149\u4e8c\u6975\u9ad4<\/strong> \u662f\u4e3b\u529b\uff1a\u4fbf\u5b9c\u3001\u8010\u7528\uff0c\u5c0d\u4f8b\u884c UV-Vis \u5e7e\u4e4e\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u5920\u597d\u3002 <strong>\u5149\u4e8c\u6975\u9ad4\u9663\u5217\uff08PDA\uff09<\/strong> \u5728\u6578\u5341\u6beb\u79d2\u5167\u4e00\u6b21\u8b80\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u6ce2\u9577\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u70ba\u4f55\u5feb\u901f\u4e8c\u6975\u9ad4\u9663\u5217\u5100\u5668\u6383\u4e00\u5f35\u5b8c\u6574\u5149\u8b5c\u53ea\u9700 <1 \u79d2. <strong>CCD<\/strong> \u5728\u66f4\u9ad8\u50cf\u7d20\u6578\u4e0b\uff0c\u8868\u73fe\u8ddf PDA \u985e\u4f3c\u3002<\/p>\n\n<h3>4.5 \u55ae\u5149\u675f vs \u96d9\u5149\u675f vs \u9663\u5217<\/h3>\n\n<figure class=\"csg-svg-figure\">\n<svg viewBox=\"0 0 720 380\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" role=\"img\" aria-labelledby=\"svg7-title\">\n  <title id=\"svg7-title\">\u55ae\u5149\u675f vs \u96d9\u5149\u675f vs \u4e8c\u6975\u9ad4\u9663\u5217 UV-Vis \u5206\u5149\u5149\u5ea6\u8a08\u5149\u8def\u6bd4\u8f03<\/title>\n  <rect width=\"720\" height=\"380\" fill=\"#ffffff\"\/>\n  <text x=\"360\" y=\"32\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"15\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">\u4e09\u7a2e\u5149\u5b78\u67b6\u69cb\u6bd4\u8f03<\/text>\n\n  <!-- LEFT: Single-beam -->\n  <g transform=\"translate(0, 60)\">\n    <text x=\"120\" y=\"0\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"13\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">\u55ae\u5149\u675f<\/text>\n    <text x=\"120\" y=\"18\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10\" fill=\"#777\">\u6700\u7c21\u55ae \u00b7 \u5148\u8dd1\u7a7a\u767d\u3001\u518d\u8dd1\u6a23\u54c1<\/text>\n    <!-- lamp -->\n    <rect x=\"20\" y=\"60\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\" rx=\"4\"\/>\n    <circle cx=\"35\" cy=\"75\" r=\"8\" fill=\"#fbbf24\"\/>\n    <text x=\"35\" y=\"105\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"9\" fill=\"#666\">\u71c8<\/text>\n    <!-- mono -->\n    <rect x=\"60\" y=\"60\" width=\"35\" height=\"30\" fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"#233a95\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" rx=\"3\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"68\" y1=\"65\" x2=\"68\" y2=\"85\" stroke=\"#233a95\" stroke-width=\"1\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"76\" y1=\"65\" x2=\"76\" y2=\"85\" stroke=\"#233a95\" stroke-width=\"1\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"84\" y1=\"65\" x2=\"84\" y2=\"85\" stroke=\"#233a95\" stroke-width=\"1\"\/>\n    <text x=\"77\" y=\"105\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"9\" fill=\"#666\">\u55ae\u8272\u5668<\/text>\n    <!-- cuvette -->\n    <rect x=\"120\" y=\"65\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" fill=\"rgba(120,180,240,0.3)\" stroke=\"#1a73e8\" stroke-width=\"1.5\"\/>\n    <text x=\"130\" y=\"105\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"9\" fill=\"#666\">\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf<\/text>\n    <!-- detector -->\n    <rect x=\"170\" y=\"60\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\" rx=\"4\"\/>\n    <circle cx=\"185\" cy=\"75\" r=\"7\" fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"#fbbf24\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\n    <text x=\"185\" y=\"105\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"9\" fill=\"#666\">\u5075\u6e2c\u5668<\/text>\n    <!-- beams -->\n    <line x1=\"50\" y1=\"75\" x2=\"60\" y2=\"75\" stroke=\"#fbbf24\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"95\" y1=\"75\" x2=\"120\" y2=\"75\" stroke=\"#fbbf24\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"140\" y1=\"75\" x2=\"170\" y2=\"75\" stroke=\"#fbbf24\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\n    <!-- Pros\/cons -->\n    <rect x=\"20\" y=\"135\" width=\"200\" height=\"155\" fill=\"#f0f4fc\" rx=\"6\"\/>\n    <text x=\"32\" y=\"155\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#16a34a\">+ \u6210\u672c\u4f4e<\/text>\n    <text x=\"32\" y=\"174\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#16a34a\">+ \u5c0d\u6e96\u7c21\u55ae<\/text>\n    <text x=\"32\" y=\"193\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#16a34a\">+ \u7d2b\u5916\u901a\u91cf\u6700\u4f73<\/text>\n    <text x=\"32\" y=\"218\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#dc2626\">\u2013 \u5c0d\u6f02\u79fb\u654f\u611f<\/text>\n    <text x=\"32\" y=\"237\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#dc2626\">\u2013 \u7a7a\u767d\u8207\u6a23\u54c1\u8981\u5206\u958b\u8dd1<\/text>\n    <text x=\"32\" y=\"262\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">\u6700\u9069\u5408\uff1a\u4f8b\u884c\u6559\u5b78\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u3001<\/text>\n    <text x=\"32\" y=\"278\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">\u56fa\u5b9a\u6ce2\u9577\u7684\u54c1\u7ba1<\/text>\n  <\/g>\n\n  <!-- MIDDLE: Double-beam -->\n  <g transform=\"translate(240, 60)\">\n    <text x=\"120\" y=\"0\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"13\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">\u96d9\u5149\u675f<\/text>\n    <text x=\"120\" y=\"18\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10\" fill=\"#777\">\u5206\u5149 \u00b7 \u7a7a\u767d\u8207\u6a23\u54c1\u540c\u6642\u8dd1<\/text>\n    <rect x=\"10\" y=\"60\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\" rx=\"4\"\/>\n    <circle cx=\"25\" cy=\"75\" r=\"8\" fill=\"#fbbf24\"\/>\n    <text x=\"25\" y=\"105\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"9\" fill=\"#666\">\u71c8<\/text>\n    <rect x=\"50\" y=\"60\" width=\"35\" height=\"30\" fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"#233a95\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" rx=\"3\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"58\" y1=\"65\" x2=\"58\" y2=\"85\" stroke=\"#233a95\" stroke-width=\"1\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"66\" y1=\"65\" x2=\"66\" y2=\"85\" stroke=\"#233a95\" stroke-width=\"1\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"74\" y1=\"65\" x2=\"74\" y2=\"85\" stroke=\"#233a95\" stroke-width=\"1\"\/>\n    <text x=\"67\" y=\"105\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"9\" fill=\"#666\">\u55ae\u8272\u5668<\/text>\n    <!-- beam splitter -->\n    <line x1=\"100\" y1=\"60\" x2=\"115\" y2=\"90\" stroke=\"#888\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\n    <text x=\"105\" y=\"115\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"9\" fill=\"#666\">\u5206\u5149\u5668<\/text>\n    <!-- sample cuvette (top path) -->\n    <rect x=\"135\" y=\"40\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" fill=\"rgba(120,180,240,0.3)\" stroke=\"#1a73e8\" stroke-width=\"1.5\"\/>\n    <text x=\"145\" y=\"35\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"9\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a73e8\">\u6a23\u54c1<\/text>\n    <!-- reference cuvette (bottom path) -->\n    <rect x=\"135\" y=\"100\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" fill=\"rgba(180,180,180,0.3)\" stroke=\"#888\" stroke-width=\"1.5\"\/>\n    <text x=\"145\" y=\"135\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"9\" fill=\"#666\">\u53c3\u8003<\/text>\n    <!-- detector pair -->\n    <rect x=\"180\" y=\"40\" width=\"25\" height=\"20\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\" rx=\"3\"\/>\n    <rect x=\"180\" y=\"100\" width=\"25\" height=\"20\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\" rx=\"3\"\/>\n    <!-- beams -->\n    <line x1=\"40\" y1=\"75\" x2=\"50\" y2=\"75\" stroke=\"#fbbf24\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"85\" y1=\"75\" x2=\"105\" y2=\"75\" stroke=\"#fbbf24\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"105\" y1=\"75\" x2=\"135\" y2=\"50\" stroke=\"#fbbf24\" stroke-width=\"1.7\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"105\" y1=\"75\" x2=\"135\" y2=\"110\" stroke=\"#fbbf24\" stroke-width=\"1.7\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"155\" y1=\"50\" x2=\"180\" y2=\"50\" stroke=\"#fbbf24\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" opacity=\"0.7\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"155\" y1=\"110\" x2=\"180\" y2=\"110\" stroke=\"#fbbf24\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" opacity=\"0.7\"\/>\n    <!-- Pros\/cons -->\n    <rect x=\"10\" y=\"135\" width=\"220\" height=\"155\" fill=\"#f0f4fc\" rx=\"6\"\/>\n    <text x=\"22\" y=\"155\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#16a34a\">+ \u5df2\u6821\u6b63\u6f02\u79fb<\/text>\n    <text x=\"22\" y=\"174\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#16a34a\">+ \u6700\u9069\u5408\u52d5\u529b\u5b78<\/text>\n    <text x=\"22\" y=\"193\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#16a34a\">+ \u6a19\u6e96\u88fd\u85e5\u54c1\u7ba1<\/text>\n    <text x=\"22\" y=\"218\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#dc2626\">\u2013 \u6210\u672c\u8f03\u9ad8<\/text>\n    <text x=\"22\" y=\"237\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#dc2626\">\u2013 \u9700\u8981\u5339\u914d\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf<\/text>\n    <text x=\"22\" y=\"262\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">\u6700\u9069\u5408\uff1a\u7814\u7a76\u3001<\/text>\n    <text x=\"22\" y=\"278\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">USP\/EP \u65b9\u6cd5\u9a57\u8b49<\/text>\n  <\/g>\n\n  <!-- RIGHT: Diode-array -->\n  <g transform=\"translate(480, 60)\">\n    <text x=\"120\" y=\"0\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"13\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">\u4e8c\u6975\u9ad4\u9663\u5217\uff08DAD\uff09<\/text>\n    <text x=\"120\" y=\"18\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10\" fill=\"#777\">\u55ae\u8272\u5668\u5728\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u4e4b\u5f8c \u00b7 \u4e00\u6b21\u53d6\u6574\u5f35\u5149\u8b5c<\/text>\n    <rect x=\"20\" y=\"60\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\" rx=\"4\"\/>\n    <circle cx=\"35\" cy=\"75\" r=\"8\" fill=\"#fbbf24\"\/>\n    <text x=\"35\" y=\"105\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"9\" fill=\"#666\">\u71c8<\/text>\n    <rect x=\"60\" y=\"65\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" fill=\"rgba(120,180,240,0.3)\" stroke=\"#1a73e8\" stroke-width=\"1.5\"\/>\n    <text x=\"70\" y=\"105\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"9\" fill=\"#666\">\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf<\/text>\n    <!-- post-sample grating -->\n    <rect x=\"100\" y=\"60\" width=\"35\" height=\"30\" fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"#233a95\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" rx=\"3\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"108\" y1=\"65\" x2=\"108\" y2=\"85\" stroke=\"#233a95\" stroke-width=\"1\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"116\" y1=\"65\" x2=\"116\" y2=\"85\" stroke=\"#233a95\" stroke-width=\"1\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"124\" y1=\"65\" x2=\"124\" y2=\"85\" stroke=\"#233a95\" stroke-width=\"1\"\/>\n    <text x=\"117\" y=\"105\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"9\" fill=\"#666\">\u5149\u67f5<\/text>\n    <!-- diode array -->\n    <rect x=\"155\" y=\"55\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\" rx=\"3\"\/>\n    <rect x=\"158\" y=\"58\" width=\"3\" height=\"34\" fill=\"#fbbf24\"\/>\n    <rect x=\"163\" y=\"58\" width=\"3\" height=\"34\" fill=\"#fbbf24\"\/>\n    <rect x=\"168\" y=\"58\" width=\"3\" height=\"34\" fill=\"#fbbf24\"\/>\n    <rect x=\"173\" y=\"58\" width=\"3\" height=\"34\" fill=\"#fbbf24\"\/>\n    <rect x=\"178\" y=\"58\" width=\"3\" height=\"34\" fill=\"#fbbf24\"\/>\n    <rect x=\"183\" y=\"58\" width=\"3\" height=\"34\" fill=\"#fbbf24\"\/>\n    <rect x=\"188\" y=\"58\" width=\"3\" height=\"34\" fill=\"#fbbf24\"\/>\n    <text x=\"175\" y=\"115\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"9\" fill=\"#666\">\u9663\u5217<\/text>\n    <line x1=\"50\" y1=\"75\" x2=\"60\" y2=\"75\" stroke=\"#fbbf24\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"80\" y1=\"75\" x2=\"100\" y2=\"75\" stroke=\"#fbbf24\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\n    <!-- spectrum spread -->\n    <line x1=\"135\" y1=\"75\" x2=\"155\" y2=\"60\" stroke=\"#9333ea\" stroke-width=\"1.5\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"135\" y1=\"75\" x2=\"155\" y2=\"68\" stroke=\"#1e88e5\" stroke-width=\"1.5\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"135\" y1=\"75\" x2=\"155\" y2=\"75\" stroke=\"#16a34a\" stroke-width=\"1.5\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"135\" y1=\"75\" x2=\"155\" y2=\"82\" stroke=\"#fbbf24\" stroke-width=\"1.5\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"135\" y1=\"75\" x2=\"155\" y2=\"90\" stroke=\"#dc2626\" stroke-width=\"1.5\"\/>\n    <!-- Pros\/cons -->\n    <rect x=\"10\" y=\"135\" width=\"220\" height=\"155\" fill=\"#f0f4fc\" rx=\"6\"\/>\n    <text x=\"22\" y=\"155\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#16a34a\">+ \u6574\u5f35\u5149\u8b5c < 1 \u79d2<\/text>\n    <text x=\"22\" y=\"174\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#16a34a\">+ \u7121\u79fb\u52d5\u4ef6<\/text>\n    <text x=\"22\" y=\"193\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#16a34a\">+ HPLC-DAD \u6a19\u6e96<\/text>\n    <text x=\"22\" y=\"218\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#dc2626\">\u2013 \u96dc\u6563\u5149\u8f03\u591a<\/text>\n    <text x=\"22\" y=\"237\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#dc2626\">\u2013 \u6a23\u54c1\u7167\u5230\u5168\u7d2b\u5916<\/text>\n    <text x=\"22\" y=\"262\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">\u6700\u9069\u5408\uff1a\u52d5\u529b\u5b78\u3001HPLC\u3001<\/text>\n    <text x=\"22\" y=\"278\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">\u88fd\u7a0b\u76e3\u63a7<\/text>\n  <\/g>\n<\/svg>\n<figcaption class=\"csg-svg-caption\"><strong>\u5716 7.<\/strong> \u4e09\u7a2e\u4e3b\u6d41 UV-Vis \u67b6\u69cb\u3002\u55ae\u5149\u675f\u6700\u4fbf\u5b9c\u3001\u7d2b\u5916\u901a\u91cf\u6700\u4f73\uff1b\u96d9\u5149\u675f\u662f\u88fd\u85e5\u54c1\u7ba1\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u53c3\u8003\u5149\u8def\u80fd\u6821\u6b63\u71c8\u6f02\u79fb\uff1b\u4e8c\u6975\u9ad4\u9663\u5217\u628a\u5149\u67f5\u653e\u5728 <em>\u4e4b\u5f8c<\/em> \u6a23\u54c1\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u8b80\u53d6\u6bcf\u500b\u6ce2\u9577\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b83\u5728\u52d5\u529b\u5b78\u8207 HPLC \u5075\u6e2c\u4e0a\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u3002<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n\n<div class=\"csg-table-wrap\">\n<table class=\"csg-table\">\n  <thead><tr><th>\u914d\u7f6e<\/th><th>\u5b83\u600e\u9ebc\u8655\u7406\u7a7a\u767d<\/th><th>\u6700\u9069\u5408<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n  <tbody>\n    <tr><td>\u55ae\u5149\u675f<\/td><td>\u5148\u8dd1\u7a7a\u767d\u3001\u518d\u8dd1\u6a23\u54c1\uff0c\u4f9d\u5e8f\u9032\u884c<\/td><td>\u71c8\u7a69\u5b9a\u3001\u53ea\u6383\u5c11\u6578\u6ce2\u9577\u7684\u4f8b\u884c\u5206\u6790<\/td><\/tr>\n    <tr><td>\u96d9\u5149\u675f<\/td><td>\u5373\u6642\u628a\u5149\u675f\u5206\u7d66\u7a7a\u767d\u8207\u6a23\u54c1<\/td><td>\u9577\u6383\u63cf\u3001\u52d5\u529b\u5b78\u3001\u6613\u6f02\u79fb\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c<\/td><\/tr>\n    <tr><td>\u4e8c\u6975\u9ad4\u9663\u5217\uff08\u5feb\u901f\u55ae\u5149\u675f\uff09<\/td><td>\u4e00\u6b21\u8108\u885d\u8a18\u9304\u6574\u5f35\u5149\u8b5c\uff0c\u53c3\u8003\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\u525b\u53d6<\/td><td>HPLC \u5075\u6e2c\u3001\u52d5\u529b\u5b78\u3001\u9ad8\u901a\u91cf\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4<\/td><\/tr>\n  <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- ============================================================\n     SECTION 5 \u00b7 CUVETTE SELECTION (the wedge)\n============================================================ -->\n\n<div id=\"cuvette-selection\">\n<p class=\"csg-label\">\u7b2c 5 \u7bc0<\/p>\n<h2>\u6a23\u54c1\u524d\u8655\u7406\u8207\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u9078\u578b<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u662f\u5149\u8def\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u500b\u5bb9\u5668\u3002\u6750\u8cea\u9078\u932f\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u4e1f\u6389\u4e86\u7d2b\u5916\u622a\u6b62\uff1b\u5149\u7a0b\u9078\u932f\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u5728\u8ddf\u6bd4\u723e-\u6717\u4f2f\u5c0d\u8457\u5e79\uff1b\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u5149\u675f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8ddf\u5100\u5668\u5c0d\u4e0d\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u6578\u5b57\u5c31\u6703\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5100\u5668\u9593\u6f02\u79fb\u3002\u591a\u6578\u652f\u67f1\u578b\u6307\u5357\u7528\u4e00\u6bb5\u8a71\u5e36\u904e\uff1b\u9019\u88e1\u7d66\u4f60\u5be6\u6230\u7248\u3002\u8981\u9010\u6b65\u7684\u63a1\u8cfc\u6c7a\u7b56\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7684 <a href=\"https:\/\/machinedquartz.com\/zh-hant\/cuvette-selection-guide\/\">\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u9078\u578b\u6307\u5357<\/a> \u5f9e\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u89d2\u5ea6\u6db5\u84cb\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n\n<h3>5.1 \u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u6750\u8cea vs \u5149\u8b5c\u622a\u6b62<\/h3>\n\n<figure class=\"csg-svg-figure\">\n<svg viewBox=\"0 0 720 380\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" role=\"img\" aria-labelledby=\"svg3-title\">\n  <title id=\"svg3-title\">\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u6750\u8cea\u7684\u5149\u8b5c\u900f\u5c04\u7bc4\u570d\uff1a\u5149\u5b78\u73bb\u7483\u3001JGS3\u3001JGS2\u3001JGS1\u3001\u85cd\u5bf6\u77f3\u3001\u6c1f\u5316\u9223\u5728 UV-\u53ef\u898b\u5149-NIR-IR \u8ef8\u4e0a\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03<\/title>\n  <rect width=\"720\" height=\"380\" fill=\"#ffffff\"\/>\n  <!-- Background regions: chart 60-680, range 150-4000 nm. 1 nm = 0.1610 px -->\n  <rect x=\"60\" y=\"50\" width=\"32\" height=\"200\" fill=\"#e6dcf0\" opacity=\"0.5\"\/>\n  <rect x=\"92\" y=\"50\" width=\"65\" height=\"200\" fill=\"#fff8d1\" opacity=\"0.5\"\/>\n  <rect x=\"157\" y=\"50\" width=\"277\" height=\"200\" fill=\"#dde9f7\" opacity=\"0.5\"\/>\n  <rect x=\"434\" y=\"50\" width=\"246\" height=\"200\" fill=\"#f7e3dd\" opacity=\"0.5\"\/>\n  <text x=\"76\" y=\"40\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#5b1a8e\">UV<\/text>\n  <text x=\"124\" y=\"40\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#a08b1c\">\u53ef\u898b\u5149<\/text>\n  <text x=\"295\" y=\"40\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a558e\">NIR<\/text>\n  <text x=\"557\" y=\"40\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#9c441a\">\u4e2d\u7d05\u5916<\/text>\n  <!-- Optical glass: 320-2500, y=68 -->\n  <text x=\"55\" y=\"80\" text-anchor=\"end\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"12\" font-weight=\"600\" fill=\"#333\">\u5149\u5b78\u73bb\u7483<\/text>\n  <rect x=\"87.4\" y=\"68\" width=\"350.5\" height=\"22\" fill=\"#999\" rx=\"3\"\/>\n  <text x=\"262\" y=\"84\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#fff\">320 \u2013 2500 nm<\/text>\n  <!-- JGS3 -->\n  <text x=\"55\" y=\"110\" text-anchor=\"end\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"12\" font-weight=\"600\" fill=\"#333\">JGS3 \u77f3\u82f1<\/text>\n  <rect x=\"77.7\" y=\"98\" width=\"521.2\" height=\"22\" fill=\"#7e57c2\" rx=\"3\"\/>\n  <text x=\"338\" y=\"114\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#fff\">260 \u2013 3500 nm<\/text>\n  <!-- JGS2 -->\n  <text x=\"55\" y=\"140\" text-anchor=\"end\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"12\" font-weight=\"600\" fill=\"#333\">JGS2 \u77f3\u82f1<\/text>\n  <rect x=\"71.3\" y=\"128\" width=\"367\" height=\"22\" fill=\"#3f51b5\" rx=\"3\"\/>\n  <text x=\"254\" y=\"144\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#fff\">220 \u2013 2500 nm<\/text>\n  <!-- JGS1 -->\n  <text x=\"55\" y=\"170\" text-anchor=\"end\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"12\" font-weight=\"600\" fill=\"#333\">JGS1 \u77f3\u82f1<\/text>\n  <rect x=\"63.2\" y=\"158\" width=\"374.7\" height=\"22\" fill=\"#1e88e5\" rx=\"3\"\/>\n  <text x=\"250\" y=\"174\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#fff\">185 \u2013 2500 nm<\/text>\n  <!-- Sapphire -->\n  <text x=\"55\" y=\"200\" text-anchor=\"end\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"12\" font-weight=\"600\" fill=\"#333\">\u85cd\u5bf6\u77f3<\/text>\n  <rect x=\"60\" y=\"188\" width=\"620\" height=\"22\" fill=\"#00897b\" rx=\"3\"\/>\n  <text x=\"370\" y=\"204\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#fff\">150 \u2013 5500 nm  \u2192<\/text>\n  <!-- CaF2 -->\n  <text x=\"55\" y=\"230\" text-anchor=\"end\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"12\" font-weight=\"600\" fill=\"#333\">CaF\u2082<\/text>\n  <rect x=\"60\" y=\"218\" width=\"620\" height=\"22\" fill=\"#43a047\" rx=\"3\"\/>\n  <text x=\"370\" y=\"234\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#fff\">130 \u2013 8000 nm  \u2192<\/text>\n  <!-- X axis -->\n  <line x1=\"60\" y1=\"260\" x2=\"680\" y2=\"260\" stroke=\"#333\" stroke-width=\"1.5\"\/>\n  <g font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10\" fill=\"#555\">\n    <line x1=\"60\" y1=\"260\" x2=\"60\" y2=\"266\" stroke=\"#333\"\/>\n    <text x=\"60\" y=\"278\" text-anchor=\"middle\">150<\/text>\n    <line x1=\"92\" y1=\"260\" x2=\"92\" y2=\"266\" stroke=\"#333\"\/>\n    <text x=\"92\" y=\"278\" text-anchor=\"middle\">350<\/text>\n    <line x1=\"157\" y1=\"260\" x2=\"157\" y2=\"266\" stroke=\"#333\"\/>\n    <text x=\"157\" y=\"278\" text-anchor=\"middle\">780<\/text>\n    <line x1=\"276\" y1=\"260\" x2=\"276\" y2=\"266\" stroke=\"#333\"\/>\n    <text x=\"276\" y=\"278\" text-anchor=\"middle\">1500<\/text>\n    <line x1=\"434\" y1=\"260\" x2=\"434\" y2=\"266\" stroke=\"#333\"\/>\n    <text x=\"434\" y=\"278\" text-anchor=\"middle\">2500<\/text>\n    <line x1=\"595\" y1=\"260\" x2=\"595\" y2=\"266\" stroke=\"#333\"\/>\n    <text x=\"595\" y=\"278\" text-anchor=\"middle\">3500<\/text>\n  <\/g>\n  <text x=\"370\" y=\"305\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"12\" font-weight=\"600\" fill=\"#333\">\u6ce2\u9577\uff08nm\uff09<\/text>\n  <!-- Recommendation block -->\n  <rect x=\"60\" y=\"320\" width=\"620\" height=\"50\" fill=\"#f0f4fc\" stroke=\"#1a2a6c\" stroke-width=\"1\" rx=\"6\"\/>\n  <text x=\"370\" y=\"340\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"12\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">\u5feb\u901f\u898f\u5247<\/text>\n  <text x=\"370\" y=\"358\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" fill=\"#333\">\u5728 320 nm \u4ee5\u4e0b\u5de5\u4f5c \u2192 \u77f3\u82f1 \u00b7 220 nm \u4ee5\u4e0b \u2192 JGS1\/JGS2 \u00b7 185 nm \u4ee5\u4e0b \u2192 \u85cd\u5bf6\u77f3\u6216 CaF\u2082<\/text>\n<\/svg>\n<figcaption class=\"csg-svg-caption\"><strong>\u5716 3.<\/strong> \u5e38\u898b\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u6750\u8cea\u7684\u5149\u8b5c\u900f\u5c04\u7a97\u53e3\u3002\u9078\u6750\u8cea\u6642\uff0c\u8981\u8b93\u5b83\u7684\u7a97\u53e3\u5728\u4f60\u95dc\u6ce8\u6ce2\u9577\u7684\u5169\u5074\u5404\u591a\u6db5\u84cb\u81f3\u5c11 10\u201320 nm\uff0c\u5343\u842c\u5225\u5361\u5728\u622a\u6b62\u908a\u7de3\u2014\u2014\u622a\u6b62\u8655\u7684\u659c\u7387\u6703\u8b93\u8a0a\u865f\u8b8a\u5435\u3001\u53c8\u5c0d\u6eab\u5ea6\u654f\u611f\u3002<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n\n<p>\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u55ae\u4e00\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5b83\u900f\u660e\u7684\u6ce2\u9577\u7bc4\u570d\u3002\u622a\u6b62\u4ee5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u5438\u6536\u5f97\u6bd4\u6a23\u54c1\u9084\u591a\uff0c\u6e2c\u91cf\u5c31\u6c92\u610f\u7fa9\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"csg-table-wrap\">\n<table class=\"csg-table\">\n  <thead>\n    <tr><th>\u6750\u8cea<\/th><th>\u53ef\u7528\u7bc4\u570d<\/th><th>\u6700\u9069\u5408<\/th><th>\u907f\u514d<\/th><\/tr>\n  <\/thead>\n  <tbody>\n    <tr>\n      <td>UV \u77f3\u82f1\uff08JGS2\uff09<\/td>\n      <td>190 \u2013 2,500 nm<\/td>\n      <td>\u6a19\u6e96 UV + \u53ef\u898b\u5149 + NIR \u5de5\u4f5c\uff1b\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u9810\u8a2d\u4e4b\u9078<\/td>\n      <td><span class=\"csg-badge csg-badge-blue\">\u9810\u8a2d<\/span><\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td>\u6df1\u7d2b\u5916 \/ VUV \u77f3\u82f1\uff08JGS1\uff09<\/td>\n      <td>185 \u2013 2,500 nm<\/td>\n      <td>200 nm \u4ee5\u4e0b\u3001UV-C \u9a57\u8b49\u3001\u5149\u523b<\/td>\n      <td><span class=\"csg-badge csg-badge-orange\">\u6210\u672c\u8f03\u9ad8<\/span><\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td>IR \u77f3\u82f1\uff08JGS3\uff09<\/td>\n      <td>260 \u2013 3,500 nm<\/td>\n      <td>NIR \/ IR \u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u52a0\u71b1\u7684\u52d5\u529b\u5b78<\/td>\n      <td><span class=\"csg-badge csg-badge-red\">\u7121\u7d2b\u5916 <260 nm<\/span><\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td>\u5149\u5b78\u73bb\u7483\uff08BK7\uff09<\/td>\n      <td>340 \u2013 2,500 nm<\/td>\n      <td>\u50c5\u53ef\u898b\u5149\u7684\u4f8b\u884c\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u6559\u5b78\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4<\/td>\n      <td><span class=\"csg-badge csg-badge-red\">\u7121\u7d2b\u5916 <340 nm<\/span><\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td>\u805a\u82ef\u4e59\u70ef \/ PMMA<\/td>\n      <td>~340 \u2013 800 nm<\/td>\n      <td>\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u53ef\u898b\u5149\u7bc4\u570d\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u751f\u7269\u6e2c\u5b9a<\/td>\n      <td><span class=\"csg-badge csg-badge-red\">\u7121\u7d2b\u5916\u3001\u4e0d\u8010\u6eb6\u5291<\/span><\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td><a href=\"https:\/\/machinedquartz.com\/sapphire-sheets\/\">\u85cd\u5bf6\u77f3<\/a><\/td>\n      <td>~150 \u2013 5,500 nm<\/td>\n      <td>\u9ad8\u6eab\u3001\u9ad8\u58d3\u3001\u731b\u70c8\u5316\u5b78<\/td>\n      <td><span class=\"csg-badge csg-badge-orange\">\u6210\u672c<\/span><\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td><a href=\"https:\/\/machinedquartz.com\/calcium-fluoride-caf2-windows\/\">\u6c1f\u5316\u9223\uff08CaF\u2082\uff09<\/a><\/td>\n      <td>~130 \u2013 8,000 nm<\/td>\n      <td>\u6df1\u7d2b\u5916\u3001FTIR \u8026\u5408\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u3001HPLC \u6d41\u901a\u6c60<\/td>\n      <td><span class=\"csg-badge csg-badge-orange\">\u5fae\u6eb6\u65bc\u6c34<\/span><\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n  <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n\n<p>JGS1\u3001JGS2\u3001JGS3 \u9019\u5e7e\u500b\u7b49\u7d1a\uff0c\u662f\u5168\u884c\u696d\u5ee3\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u5149\u5b78\u7194\u878d\u77f3\u82f1\u547d\u540d\uff1aJGS1 \u662f\u5168\u5408\u6210\u3001\u91d1\u5c6c\u96e2\u5b50\u542b\u91cf\u6975\u4f4e\uff0c\u4f9b\u6df1\u7d2b\u5916\u900f\u5c04\uff1bJGS2 \u662f\u6a19\u6e96 UV \u7d1a\uff1bJGS3 \u70ba\u7d05\u5916\u512a\u5316\u3002 <a href=\"https:\/\/machinedquartz.com\/zh-hant\/fabrication-method-of-cuvettes\/\">\u88fd\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5<\/a> \u4e5f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u2014\u2014Standard 80 \u81a0\u63a5\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u505a\u6c34\u6027\u6c92\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4f46\u6eb6\u5291\u3001\u9178\u6216 80 \u00b0C \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5c31\u9700\u8981 Sintered 80 \u6216 Molded 83\u3002<\/p>\n\n<h3>5.2 \u5149\u7a0b\uff1a10 mm \u4e0d\u5c0d\u7684\u6642\u5019<\/h3>\n<p>10 mm \u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u662f\u9810\u8a2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002\u9078\u5149\u7a0b\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u628a\u5438\u5149\u5ea6\u653e\u9032 0.2\u20131.0 \u7684\u7dda\u6027\u7a97\u53e3\u3002\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5b9a\u91cf\u6c7a\u7b56\u6a39\u3001\u9577\u5149\u7a0b\u4e0b\u7684\u6eb6\u5291\u5438\u5149\u5ea6\u9810\u7b97\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5149\u7a0b\u9a57\u8b49\u898f\u7a0b\uff0c\u898b\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6df1\u5165\u6587\u7ae0 <a href=\"https:\/\/machinedquartz.com\/uv-vis-cuvette-path-length-selection\/\">\u5982\u4f55\u9078 UV-Vis \u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u5149\u7a0b<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"csg-table-wrap\">\n<table class=\"csg-table\">\n  <thead><tr><th>\u6a23\u54c1\u985e\u578b<\/th><th>\u5178\u578b\u5149\u7a0b<\/th><th>\u539f\u56e0<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n  <tbody>\n    <tr><td>\u9ad8\u6fc3\u5ea6\u6a23\u54c1\uff08\u5f37\u5438\u6536\u67d3\u6599\u3001\u672a\u7a00\u91cb DNA\uff09<\/td><td>1, 2, or 5 mm<\/td><td>\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7a00\u91cb\u5c31\u628a A \u62c9\u9032\u7dda\u6027\u7bc4\u570d<\/td><\/tr>\n    <tr><td>\u4f8b\u884c\u5b9a\u91cf\u5de5\u4f5c<\/td><td>10 mm<\/td><td>\u53c3\u8003\u6a19\u6e96\uff1b\u03b5 \u503c\u90fd\u662f\u4ee5 1 cm \u5217\u8868<\/td><\/tr>\n    <tr><td>\u7a00\u8584\u6a23\u54c1\u3001\u75d5\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u3001\u98f2\u7528\u6c34\u785d\u9178\u9e7d<\/td><td>50 mm or 100 mm<\/td><td>\u628a A \u653e\u5927 5\u00d7 \u6216 10\u00d7\uff0c\u8b93\u5f31\u8a0a\u865f\u6d6e\u51fa\u96dc\u8a0a<\/td><\/tr>\n    <tr><td>\u00b5L \u7d1a\u6a23\u54c1<\/td><td>\u6b21\u6beb\u7c73\u5230 1 mm\uff08\u5fae\u91cf\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\uff09<\/td><td>\u53d7\u5e7e\u4f55\u9650\u5236\uff1b\u5bb9\u7d0d 250\u20131,000 \u00b5L \u9ad4\u7a4d<\/td><\/tr>\n  <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"csg-highlight\">\n  <strong>\u5169\u4e0b\u5c31\u80fd\u63db\u7b97\u5149\u7a0b\uff1a<\/strong>  <a href=\"https:\/\/machinedquartz.com\/cuvette-size-calculator\/\">\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u5c3a\u5bf8\u8a08\u7b97\u5668<\/a> \u5e6b\u4f60\u627e\u5230\u80fd\u628a A \u653e\u9032\u7dda\u6027\u7a97\u53e3\u7684\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u3002\u6bcf\u7a2e\u6a19\u6e96\u898f\u683c\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u5c3a\u5bf8\uff0c\u898b <a href=\"https:\/\/machinedquartz.com\/cuvettes-and-cells-size-chart\/\">\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u8207\u5149\u5b78\u6c60\u5c3a\u5bf8\u8868<\/a>.\n<\/div>\n\n<h3>5.3 \u7a97\u53e3\u9ad8\u5ea6\uff08Z \u8ef8\u5c3a\u5bf8\uff09\u8207\u5100\u5668\u76f8\u5bb9\u6027<\/h3>\n<p>Z \u8ef8\u5c3a\u5bf8\u662f\u5f9e\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u5e95\u90e8\u5230\u5149\u675f\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u3002\u591a\u6578\u684c\u4e0a\u578b\u5100\u5668\u7528 8.5 mm\u300115 mm \u6216 20 mm\u3002Z \u7528\u932f\uff0c\u5149\u675f\u4e0d\u662f\u932f\u904e\u6a23\u54c1\u8154\uff08Z \u592a\u4f4e\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6253\u5230\u676f\u58c1\uff08Z \u592a\u9ad8\uff09\u3002\u505a\u904e\u6578\u5343\u652f\u8d85\u5fae\u91cf\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u5f8c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u544a\u8a34\u4f60\uff1aOEM \u5ba2\u6236\u6700\u5e38\u5fd8\u8a18\u7d66\u7684\u898f\u683c\u5c31\u662f Z \u8ef8\u5c3a\u5bf8\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u662f\u5149\u7a0b\u3001\u4e0d\u662f\u9ad4\u7a4d\u3001\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u6750\u8cea\u3002\u628a Z \u5f04\u5c0d\uff0c\u662f\u6e2c\u91cf\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5c31\u6210\u529f\u8207\u5426\u7684\u982d\u865f\u56e0\u7d20\uff1b\u6211\u5011\u70ba\u5b83\u5beb\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u5c08\u9580\u53c3\u8003\uff1a <a href=\"https:\/\/machinedquartz.com\/zh-hant\/z-dimension-of-sub-micro-cuvettes\/\">\u8d85\u5fae\u91cf\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u7684 Z \u8ef8\u5c3a\u5bf8<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h3>5.4 \u5bb9\u91cf\u898f\u683c\uff08\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u3001\u534a\u5fae\u91cf\u3001\u5fae\u91cf\u3001\u8d85\u5fae\u91cf\u3001\u6bdb\u7d30\u7ba1\uff09<\/h3>\n\n<figure class=\"csg-svg-figure\">\n<svg viewBox=\"0 0 720 445\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" role=\"img\" aria-labelledby=\"svg8-title\">\n  <title id=\"svg8-title\">\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u5bb9\u91cf\u898f\u683c\u6bd4\u8f03\uff1a\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf 3.5mL\u3001\u534a\u5fae\u91cf 1.5mL\u3001\u5fae\u91cf 700\u00b5L\u3001\u8d85\u5fae\u91cf 50\u00b5L\u3001\u6bdb\u7d30\u7ba1 5\u00b5L<\/title>\n  <rect width=\"720\" height=\"380\" fill=\"#ffffff\"\/>\n  <text x=\"360\" y=\"32\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"15\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u5bb9\u91cf\u898f\u683c\u2014\u2014\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u5916\u90e8\u5c3a\u5bf8\u7e6a\u88fd<\/text>\n  <text x=\"360\" y=\"50\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" fill=\"#555\">\u6240\u6709\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u5916\u90e8\u90fd\u662f 12.5 \u00d7 12.5 mm\uff1b\u5167\u8154\u8d8a\u7a84\uff0c\u6a23\u54c1\u9ad4\u7a4d\u8d8a\u5c11<\/text>\n\n  <!-- Each cuvette: outer 70px wide, 200px tall, gap 10. Z-line shown -->\n  <!-- Macro 3.5mL: full inner -->\n  <g transform=\"translate(50, 90)\">\n    <text x=\"40\" y=\"0\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"13\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf<\/text>\n    <text x=\"40\" y=\"18\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" fill=\"#666\">~3.5 mL<\/text>\n    <!-- outer body -->\n    <rect x=\"10\" y=\"30\" width=\"60\" height=\"180\" fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"#1a73e8\" stroke-width=\"2\" rx=\"2\"\/>\n    <!-- inner sample -->\n    <rect x=\"16\" y=\"36\" width=\"48\" height=\"168\" fill=\"rgba(120,180,240,0.35)\"\/>\n    <!-- Z line -->\n    <line x1=\"0\" y1=\"120\" x2=\"80\" y2=\"120\" stroke=\"#dc2626\" stroke-width=\"1.2\" stroke-dasharray=\"3,2\"\/>\n    <text x=\"80\" y=\"116\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"9\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#dc2626\">Z = 8.5<\/text>\n    <text x=\"40\" y=\"232\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">10 mm \u5149\u7a0b<\/text>\n    <text x=\"40\" y=\"248\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10\" fill=\"#666\">\u6559\u5b78\u3001\u88fd\u5099\u3001<\/text>\n    <text x=\"40\" y=\"263\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10\" fill=\"#666\">\u4f8b\u884c UV-Vis<\/text>\n  <\/g>\n\n  <!-- Semi-micro 1.5mL: narrower inner -->\n  <g transform=\"translate(180, 90)\">\n    <text x=\"40\" y=\"0\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"13\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">\u534a\u5fae\u91cf<\/text>\n    <text x=\"40\" y=\"18\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" fill=\"#666\">~1.5 mL<\/text>\n    <rect x=\"10\" y=\"30\" width=\"60\" height=\"180\" fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"#1a73e8\" stroke-width=\"2\" rx=\"2\"\/>\n    <rect x=\"28\" y=\"46\" width=\"24\" height=\"158\" fill=\"rgba(120,180,240,0.35)\"\/>\n    <!-- frosted side panels (mask) -->\n    <rect x=\"16\" y=\"36\" width=\"12\" height=\"168\" fill=\"#ddd\"\/>\n    <rect x=\"52\" y=\"36\" width=\"12\" height=\"168\" fill=\"#ddd\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"0\" y1=\"120\" x2=\"80\" y2=\"120\" stroke=\"#dc2626\" stroke-width=\"1.2\" stroke-dasharray=\"3,2\"\/>\n    <text x=\"80\" y=\"116\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"9\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#dc2626\">Z = 8.5<\/text>\n    <text x=\"40\" y=\"232\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">4 mm \u5b54\u5f91<\/text>\n    <text x=\"40\" y=\"248\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10\" fill=\"#666\">\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7d2b\u5916\u3001<\/text>\n    <text x=\"40\" y=\"263\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10\" fill=\"#666\">\u6a23\u54c1\u6709\u9650<\/text>\n  <\/g>\n\n  <!-- Micro 700\u00b5L: narrower still -->\n  <g transform=\"translate(310, 90)\">\n    <text x=\"40\" y=\"0\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"13\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">\u5fae\u91cf<\/text>\n    <text x=\"40\" y=\"18\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" fill=\"#666\">~700 \u00b5L<\/text>\n    <rect x=\"10\" y=\"30\" width=\"60\" height=\"180\" fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"#1a73e8\" stroke-width=\"2\" rx=\"2\"\/>\n    <rect x=\"32\" y=\"64\" width=\"16\" height=\"140\" fill=\"rgba(120,180,240,0.35)\"\/>\n    <rect x=\"16\" y=\"36\" width=\"16\" height=\"168\" fill=\"#ddd\"\/>\n    <rect x=\"48\" y=\"36\" width=\"16\" height=\"168\" fill=\"#ddd\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"0\" y1=\"120\" x2=\"80\" y2=\"120\" stroke=\"#dc2626\" stroke-width=\"1.2\" stroke-dasharray=\"3,2\"\/>\n    <text x=\"80\" y=\"116\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"9\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#dc2626\">Z = 8.5<\/text>\n    <text x=\"40\" y=\"232\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">2 mm \u5b54\u5f91<\/text>\n    <text x=\"40\" y=\"248\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10\" fill=\"#666\">\u73cd\u8cb4\u6a23\u54c1\u3001<\/text>\n    <text x=\"40\" y=\"263\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10\" fill=\"#666\">DNA \/ RNA<\/text>\n  <\/g>\n\n  <!-- Sub-micro 50\u00b5L: very narrow + lifted Z -->\n  <g transform=\"translate(440, 90)\">\n    <text x=\"40\" y=\"0\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"13\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">\u8d85\u5fae\u91cf<\/text>\n    <text x=\"40\" y=\"18\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" fill=\"#666\">~50 \u00b5L<\/text>\n    <rect x=\"10\" y=\"30\" width=\"60\" height=\"180\" fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"#1a73e8\" stroke-width=\"2\" rx=\"2\"\/>\n    <rect x=\"38\" y=\"120\" width=\"4\" height=\"84\" fill=\"rgba(120,180,240,0.6)\"\/>\n    <rect x=\"16\" y=\"36\" width=\"22\" height=\"168\" fill=\"#ddd\"\/>\n    <rect x=\"42\" y=\"36\" width=\"22\" height=\"168\" fill=\"#ddd\"\/>\n    <rect x=\"38\" y=\"36\" width=\"4\" height=\"84\" fill=\"#ddd\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"0\" y1=\"160\" x2=\"80\" y2=\"160\" stroke=\"#dc2626\" stroke-width=\"1.2\" stroke-dasharray=\"3,2\"\/>\n    <text x=\"80\" y=\"156\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"9\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#dc2626\">Z = 15<\/text>\n    <text x=\"40\" y=\"232\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">0.5 mm \u72f9\u7e2b<\/text>\n    <text x=\"40\" y=\"248\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10\" fill=\"#666\">\u75d5\u91cf\u9ad4\u7a4d\u3001<\/text>\n    <text x=\"40\" y=\"263\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10\" fill=\"#666\">\u9700\u78ba\u8a8d Z<\/text>\n  <\/g>\n\n  <!-- Capillary 5\u00b5L: thinnest core -->\n  <g transform=\"translate(570, 90)\">\n    <text x=\"40\" y=\"0\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"13\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">\u6bdb\u7d30\u7ba1<\/text>\n    <text x=\"40\" y=\"18\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" fill=\"#666\">~5 \u00b5L<\/text>\n    <rect x=\"10\" y=\"30\" width=\"60\" height=\"180\" fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"#1a73e8\" stroke-width=\"2\" rx=\"2\"\/>\n    <rect x=\"38\" y=\"120\" width=\"4\" height=\"50\" fill=\"rgba(120,180,240,0.6)\"\/>\n    <rect x=\"38\" y=\"120\" width=\"4\" height=\"50\" fill=\"rgba(120,180,240,0.7)\" stroke=\"#1a73e8\" stroke-width=\"0.8\"\/>\n    <rect x=\"16\" y=\"36\" width=\"22\" height=\"168\" fill=\"#ddd\"\/>\n    <rect x=\"42\" y=\"36\" width=\"22\" height=\"168\" fill=\"#ddd\"\/>\n    <rect x=\"38\" y=\"36\" width=\"4\" height=\"84\" fill=\"#ddd\"\/>\n    <rect x=\"38\" y=\"170\" width=\"4\" height=\"34\" fill=\"#ddd\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"0\" y1=\"145\" x2=\"80\" y2=\"145\" stroke=\"#dc2626\" stroke-width=\"1.2\" stroke-dasharray=\"3,2\"\/>\n    <text x=\"80\" y=\"141\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"9\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#dc2626\">Z = 15<\/text>\n    <text x=\"40\" y=\"232\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">\u6bdb\u7d30\u7ba1<\/text>\n    <text x=\"40\" y=\"248\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10\" fill=\"#666\">\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u3001\u88fd\u85e5\u3001<\/text>\n    <text x=\"40\" y=\"263\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10\" fill=\"#666\">\u73cd\u8cb4\u5206\u6790\u7269<\/text>\n  <\/g>\n\n  <!-- Bottom: Z compatibility note -->\n  <rect x=\"50\" y=\"370\" width=\"620\" height=\"60\" fill=\"#f0f4fc\" stroke=\"#1a2a6c\" stroke-width=\"1\" rx=\"6\"\/>\n  <text x=\"360\" y=\"392\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"12\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">Z \u8ef8\u5c3a\u5bf8\u5f88\u95dc\u9375<\/text>\n  <text x=\"360\" y=\"411\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" fill=\"#333\">\u8d85\u5fae\u91cf\u8207\u6bdb\u7d30\u7ba1\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u7528 Z = 15 mm\uff08Hellma \u5f0f\uff09\uff1b\u6a19\u6e96\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u7528 Z = 8.5 mm\u3002\u5c0d\u4e0d\u4e0a\uff0c\u5149\u675f\u5c31\u932f\u904e\u6a23\u54c1\u3002<\/text>\n<\/svg>\n<figcaption class=\"csg-svg-caption\"><strong>\u5716 8.<\/strong> \u4e94\u7a2e\u5bb9\u91cf\u898f\u683c\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u5916\u90e8\u5c3a\u5bf8\uff0812.5 \u00d7 12.5 mm\uff09\u7e6a\u88fd\u3002\u5f9e\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u5230\u6bdb\u7d30\u7ba1\uff0c\u6bcf\u8df3\u4e00\u7d1a\u9ad4\u7a4d\u7d04\u6389 10\u00d7\uff1b\u5b54\u5f91\u8207 Z \u9ad8\u5ea6\uff08\u7d05\u865b\u7dda\uff09\u8ddf\u8457\u8b8a\u3002\u5149\u5b78\u5100\u5668\u770b\u5230\u7684\u662f\u5e7e\u4f55\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5bb9\u91cf\u6a19\u7c64\u6240\u6697\u793a\u7684\u2014\u2014\u6307\u5b9a\u898f\u683c\u524d\u5148\u78ba\u8a8d Z \u76f8\u5bb9\u6027\u3002<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n\n<div class=\"csg-table-wrap\">\n<table class=\"csg-table\">\n  <thead><tr><th>\u898f\u683c<\/th><th>\u6a23\u54c1\u9ad4\u7a4d<\/th><th>\u4f55\u6642\u4f7f\u7528<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n  <tbody>\n    <tr><td>\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf<\/td><td>2.5 \u2013 4.5 mL<\/td><td>\u6a23\u54c1\u5145\u8db3\u3001\u6574\u500b\u5149\u675f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u90fd\u53ef\u7528<\/td><\/tr>\n    <tr><td>\u534a\u5fae\u91cf<\/td><td>1.4 \u2013 1.7 mL<\/td><td>\u6a23\u54c1\u6709\u9650\u3001\u906e\u5149\u5b54\u5f91<\/td><\/tr>\n    <tr><td>\u5fae\u91cf<\/td><td>250 \u2013 1,000 \u00b5L<\/td><td>\u751f\u7269\u6a23\u54c1\u3001\u6602\u8cb4\u8a66\u5291<\/td><\/tr>\n    <tr><td>\u8d85\u5fae\u91cf<\/td><td>50 \u2013 250 \u00b5L<\/td><td>\u6cd5\u91ab\u3001\u7d30\u80de\u88c2\u89e3\u6db2\u3001\u6975\u73cd\u8cb4\u6a23\u54c1<\/td><\/tr>\n    <tr><td>\u6bdb\u7d30\u7ba1<\/td><td>5 \u2013 50 \u00b5L<\/td><td>\u5948\u5347\u7d1a\u3001\u4e00\u6ef4\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u640d\u5931\u7684\u5834\u5408<\/td><\/tr>\n  <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n\n<p>\u505a\u6bdb\u7d30\u7ba1\u6642\uff0c\u5149\u7a0b\u8207\u5167\u5f91\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u5c3a\u5bf8\u2014\u2014\u8981\u8b39\u614e\u9078\u3002\u6211\u5011\u7684\u73fe\u8ca8\u578b\u9304\u6db5\u84cb <a href=\"https:\/\/machinedquartz.com\/in-stock-quartz-capillary-tubes-circular\/\">\u5713\u5f62<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/machinedquartz.com\/in-stock-quartz-capillary-tubes-square\/\">\u65b9\u5f62<\/a>\u3001\u8207 <a href=\"https:\/\/machinedquartz.com\/quartz-capillary-tubes-all-special-types\/\">\u7279\u6b8a\u5e7e\u4f55<\/a> \u7b49\u9019\u4e9b\u9ad4\u7a4d\u7684\u6bdb\u7d30\u7ba1\u3002<\/p>\n\n<h3>5.5 \u5b54\u5f91\u3001\u906e\u5149\u8207\u96dc\u6563\u5149\u963b\u64cb<\/h3>\n<p>\u9ed1\u8272\u906e\u5149\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u8b93\u5149\u675f\u53ea\u80fd\u5f9e\u5149\u5b78\u5b54\u5f91\u901a\u904e\u3001\u5176\u9918\u5730\u65b9\u90fd\u64cb\u4f4f\u3002\u5b83\u80fd\u524a\u6389\u676f\u58c1\u7684\u96dc\u6563\u53cd\u5c04\uff0c\u8b93\u4f60\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7a00\u91cb\u9032\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u5c31\u80fd\u6e2c\u5fae\u91cf\u3002\u5c0d 0.05 \u5438\u5149\u5ea6\u55ae\u4f4d\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u75d5\u91cf\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u906e\u5149\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u80fd\u628a\u6e2c\u91cf\u7684\u96dc\u8a0a\u5e95\u964d\u4f4e\u5169\u5230\u4e09\u500d\u3002<\/p>\n\n<h3>5.6 \u96d9\u7a97\u53e3 vs \u56db\u7a97\u53e3\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf<\/h3>\n\n<figure class=\"csg-svg-figure\">\n<svg viewBox=\"0 0 720 320\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" role=\"img\" aria-labelledby=\"svg4-title\">\n  <title id=\"svg4-title\">\u96d9\u7a97\u53e3 vs \u56db\u7a97\u53e3\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u6bd4\u8f03\uff1aUV-Vis \u5438\u5149\u5ea6 vs 90 \u5ea6\u87a2\u5149\u5075\u6e2c\u5e7e\u4f55<\/title>\n  <rect width=\"720\" height=\"320\" fill=\"#ffffff\"\/>\n  <!-- LEFT panel: 2-window -->\n  <text x=\"170\" y=\"32\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"14\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">\u96d9\u7a97\u53e3\uff082W\uff09<\/text>\n  <text x=\"170\" y=\"50\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" fill=\"#666\">UV-Vis \u5438\u5149\u5ea6<\/text>\n  <g>\n    <!-- frosted top\/bottom -->\n    <rect x=\"110\" y=\"90\" width=\"120\" height=\"10\" fill=\"#bbb\"\/>\n    <rect x=\"110\" y=\"220\" width=\"120\" height=\"10\" fill=\"#bbb\"\/>\n    <!-- polished left\/right -->\n    <rect x=\"100\" y=\"90\" width=\"10\" height=\"140\" fill=\"#aac8ee\" stroke=\"#1a73e8\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\n    <rect x=\"230\" y=\"90\" width=\"10\" height=\"140\" fill=\"#aac8ee\" stroke=\"#1a73e8\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\n    <!-- inside sample -->\n    <rect x=\"110\" y=\"100\" width=\"120\" height=\"120\" fill=\"rgba(170,200,238,0.3)\"\/>\n    <!-- light path -->\n    <line x1=\"60\" y1=\"160\" x2=\"100\" y2=\"160\" stroke=\"#fbbf24\" stroke-width=\"6\"\/>\n    <polygon points=\"60,154 60,166 45,160\" fill=\"#fbbf24\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"110\" y1=\"160\" x2=\"230\" y2=\"160\" stroke=\"#fbbf24\" stroke-width=\"6\" opacity=\"0.92\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"240\" y1=\"160\" x2=\"290\" y2=\"160\" stroke=\"#fbbf24\" stroke-width=\"4.5\" opacity=\"0.6\"\/>\n    <polygon points=\"290,154 290,166 305,160\" fill=\"#fbbf24\" opacity=\"0.7\"\/>\n    <text x=\"48\" y=\"148\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#dc7a00\">I\u2080<\/text>\n    <text x=\"305\" y=\"148\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#dc7a00\">I<\/text>\n    <text x=\"170\" y=\"84\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"9\" fill=\"#888\">\u9727\u9762<\/text>\n    <text x=\"170\" y=\"248\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"9\" fill=\"#888\">\u9727\u9762<\/text>\n    <text x=\"80\" y=\"248\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"9\" font-weight=\"600\" fill=\"#1a73e8\">\u62cb\u5149<\/text>\n    <text x=\"260\" y=\"248\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"9\" font-weight=\"600\" fill=\"#1a73e8\">\u62cb\u5149<\/text>\n  <\/g>\n  <text x=\"170\" y=\"278\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">2 \u62cb\u5149 + 2 \u9727\u9762<\/text>\n  <text x=\"170\" y=\"296\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" fill=\"#555\">\u5149\u53ea\u6cbf\u4e00\u500b\u8ef8\u901a\u904e<\/text>\n\n  <!-- Divider -->\n  <line x1=\"360\" y1=\"80\" x2=\"360\" y2=\"270\" stroke=\"#ddd\" stroke-width=\"1\" stroke-dasharray=\"4,4\"\/>\n\n  <!-- RIGHT panel: 4-window -->\n  <text x=\"540\" y=\"32\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"14\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">\u56db\u7a97\u53e3\uff084W\uff09<\/text>\n  <text x=\"540\" y=\"50\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" fill=\"#666\">\u87a2\u5149\uff0890\u00b0 \u5075\u6e2c\uff09<\/text>\n  <g>\n    <rect x=\"470\" y=\"90\" width=\"10\" height=\"140\" fill=\"#aac8ee\" stroke=\"#1a73e8\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\n    <rect x=\"600\" y=\"90\" width=\"10\" height=\"140\" fill=\"#aac8ee\" stroke=\"#1a73e8\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\n    <rect x=\"480\" y=\"90\" width=\"120\" height=\"10\" fill=\"#aac8ee\" stroke=\"#1a73e8\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\n    <rect x=\"480\" y=\"220\" width=\"120\" height=\"10\" fill=\"#aac8ee\" stroke=\"#1a73e8\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\n    <rect x=\"480\" y=\"100\" width=\"120\" height=\"120\" fill=\"rgba(170,200,238,0.3)\"\/>\n    <!-- excitation: left to right -->\n    <line x1=\"430\" y1=\"160\" x2=\"470\" y2=\"160\" stroke=\"#1a73e8\" stroke-width=\"6\"\/>\n    <polygon points=\"430,154 430,166 415,160\" fill=\"#1a73e8\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"480\" y1=\"160\" x2=\"540\" y2=\"160\" stroke=\"#1a73e8\" stroke-width=\"6\" opacity=\"0.92\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"540\" y1=\"160\" x2=\"600\" y2=\"160\" stroke=\"#1a73e8\" stroke-width=\"3.5\" opacity=\"0.4\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"610\" y1=\"160\" x2=\"650\" y2=\"160\" stroke=\"#1a73e8\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" opacity=\"0.3\"\/>\n    <!-- emission upward -->\n    <line x1=\"540\" y1=\"160\" x2=\"540\" y2=\"100\" stroke=\"#fb24bf\" stroke-width=\"6\" opacity=\"0.85\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"540\" y1=\"100\" x2=\"540\" y2=\"70\" stroke=\"#fb24bf\" stroke-width=\"5\" opacity=\"0.75\"\/>\n    <polygon points=\"534,70 546,70 540,55\" fill=\"#fb24bf\" opacity=\"0.75\"\/>\n    <!-- center hot spot -->\n    <circle cx=\"540\" cy=\"160\" r=\"8\" fill=\"#fff8a0\" opacity=\"0.9\"\/>\n    <text x=\"418\" y=\"148\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a73e8\">EX<\/text>\n    <text x=\"555\" y=\"48\" text-anchor=\"start\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#cc1a92\">\u767c\u5c04\uff0890\u00b0\uff09<\/text>\n    <text x=\"450\" y=\"248\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"9\" font-weight=\"600\" fill=\"#1a73e8\">\u62cb\u5149<\/text>\n    <text x=\"630\" y=\"248\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"9\" font-weight=\"600\" fill=\"#1a73e8\">\u62cb\u5149<\/text>\n    <text x=\"540\" y=\"84\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"9\" font-weight=\"600\" fill=\"#1a73e8\">\u62cb\u5149<\/text>\n    <text x=\"540\" y=\"248\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"9\" font-weight=\"600\" fill=\"#1a73e8\">\u62cb\u5149<\/text>\n  <\/g>\n  <text x=\"540\" y=\"278\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">\u56db\u9762\u7686\u62cb\u5149<\/text>\n  <text x=\"540\" y=\"296\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" fill=\"#555\">\u6fc0\u767c\u8207\u767c\u5c04\u5149\u8def\u6210 90\u00b0<\/text>\n<\/svg>\n<figcaption class=\"csg-svg-caption\"><strong>\u5716 4.<\/strong> \u5916\u90e8\u5c3a\u5bf8\u76f8\u540c\u3001\u5149\u5b78\u5e7e\u4f55\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u96d9\u7a97\u53e3\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u8f03\u4fbf\u5b9c\u3001\u4e3b\u5bb0 UV-Vis \u5438\u5149\u5ea6\uff1b\u56db\u7a97\u53e3\u5247\u662f\u87a2\u5149\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u689d\u4ef6\u2014\u2014\u5075\u6e2c\u5668\u8b80\u53d6\u8207\u6fc0\u767c\u5149\u675f\u5782\u76f4\u7684\u767c\u5c04\u5149\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7b2c\u4e09\u3001\u7b2c\u56db\u9762\u4e5f\u5fc5\u9808\u62cb\u5149\u5230\u5149\u5b78\u54c1\u8cea\u3002<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n\n<p>\u96d9\u7a97\u53e3\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u53ea\u6709\u524d\u5f8c\u5169\u9762\u62cb\u5149\u2014\u2014\u5438\u5149\u5ea6\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u3002\u56db\u7a97\u53e3\u5247\u56db\u500b\u5074\u9762\u90fd\u5149\u5b78\u62cb\u5149\uff0c\u8b93\u540c\u4e00\u652f\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u80fd\u540c\u6642\u505a\u87a2\u5149\u8207\u5438\u5149\u5ea6\u3002\u82e5\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u6a23\u54c1\u5169\u7a2e\u6e2c\u91cf\u90fd\u8981\uff08\u5948\u7c73\u9846\u7c92\u8207\u67d3\u6599\u96f7\u5c04\u5de5\u4f5c\u5f88\u5e38\u898b\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u6b21\u8cb7\u56db\u7a97\u53e3\uff0c\u6bd4\u4e4b\u5f8c\u4e00\u76f4\u63db\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u3001\u518d\u6e4a\u5339\u914d\u5c0d\u9084\u4fbf\u5b9c\u3002<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"csg-takeaway\">\n  <strong>\u88fd\u9020\u5546\u7684\u898f\u5247\uff1a<\/strong> \u5982\u679c\u6a19\u6e96\u578b\u9304\u6c92\u6709\u4f60\u8981\u7684\u5e7e\u4f55\u3001\u5149\u7a0b\u3001\u7a97\u53e3\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6216\u9ad4\u7a4d\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u5ba2\u88fd\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u662f\u554f\u984c\u3002\u6211\u5011\u7d93\u5e38\u70ba OEM \u8207\u7814\u7a76\u7528\u9014\u88fd\u9020\u975e\u6a19\u6e96\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u3002\u898b <a href=\"https:\/\/machinedquartz.com\/zh-hant\/custom-quartz-cuvettes\/\">\u5ba2\u88fd\u5316\u77f3\u82f1\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf<\/a> \u8207 <a href=\"\/cuvettes-and-cells-custom-fabrication\/\">\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u8207\u5149\u5b78\u6c60\u5ba2\u88fd\u88fd\u9020<\/a>.\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- ============================================================\n     SECTION 6 \u00b7 APPLICATIONS\n============================================================ -->\n\n<div id=\"applications\">\n<p class=\"csg-label\">\u7b2c 6 \u7bc0<\/p>\n<h2>\u5404\u884c\u696d\u61c9\u7528<\/h2>\n\n<h3>\u88fd\u85e5\u54c1\u7ba1\u8207\u6eb6\u96e2<\/h3>\n<p>UV-Vis \u662f\u88fd\u85e5\u54c1\u7ba1\u7684\u4e3b\u529b\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u539f\u6599\u85e5\uff08API\uff09\u76f4\u63a5\u7531\u5176\u7d2b\u5916\u5438\u5149\u5ea6\u5b9a\u91cf\uff0c\u6eb6\u96e2\u66f2\u7dda\u5373\u6642\u91cf\u6e2c\uff0c\u542b\u91cf\u5747\u4e00\u5ea6\u5247\u5c0d\u7167\u85e5\u5178\u65b9\u6cd5\u9a57\u8b49\uff08\u898b <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uspnf.com\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">USP \u901a\u5247\u7ae0\u7bc0 <857><\/a> \u53d6\u5f97\u7f8e\u570b\u85e5\u5178\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca Ph. Eur. 2.2.25 \u8207 JP \u7684\u5c0d\u61c9\u7ae0\u7bc0\uff09\u3002\u88fd\u85e5\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u7b26\u5408 21 CFR Part 11 \u7684\u8edf\u9ad4\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0d\u7167\u4e0b\u5217\u6a19\u6e96\u9a57\u8b49\u904e\u7684\u5206\u5149\u5149\u5ea6\u8a08\uff1a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nist.gov\/srm\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">NIST \u6c27\u5316\u9225\u8207\u9420\u91f9\u6a19\u6e96<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h3>\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b78\uff1aDNA\u3001RNA \u8207\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u5b9a\u91cf<\/h3>\n<p>\u6838\u9178\u5728 260 nm \u5438\u6536\uff1b\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u5728 280 nm \u5438\u6536\u3002 <strong>A260\/A280 \u6bd4\u503c<\/strong> \u53cd\u6620\u7d14\u5ea6\uff1a\u4e7e\u6de8\u7684 DNA \u7d04 1.8\uff0c\u4e7e\u6de8\u7684 RNA \u7d04 2.0\uff0c\u82e5\u6709\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u6c61\u67d3\u5247\u4f4e\u65bc 1.7\u3002 <strong>A260\/A230 \u6bd4\u503c<\/strong> \u5247\u6293\u51fa\u82ef\u915a\u3001\u80cd\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u8a66\u5291\u6b98\u7559\u7684\u6c61\u67d3\u3002\u9019\u88e1\u5fae\u91cf\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u8207\u6bdb\u7d30\u7ba1\u662f\u6a19\u914d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6a23\u54c1\u9ad4\u7a4d\u7d93\u5e38\u4f4e\u65bc 2 \u00b5L\u3002<\/p>\n\n<h3>\u74b0\u5883\u5206\u6790<\/h3>\n<p>\u98f2\u7528\u6c34\u7684\u785d\u9178\u9e7d\u3001\u4e9e\u785d\u9178\u9e7d\u3001\u78f7\u9178\u9e7d\u8207\u5fae\u91cf\u91d1\u5c6c\u90fd\u7528 UV-Vis \u91cf\u2014\u2014\u6709\u4e9b\u76f4\u63a5\u91cf\uff08\u785d\u9178\u9e7d\u5728 220 nm \u6709\u7d2b\u5916\u5438\u6536\uff09\uff0c\u591a\u6578\u900f\u904e\u6bd4\u8272\u8a66\u5291\uff08\u91d1\u5c6c\u5f62\u6210\u6709\u8272\u932f\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u88dd\u6709\u8272\u6eb6\u6db2\uff09\u3002\u9577\u5149\u7a0b\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\uff0850 mm \u6216 100 mm\uff09\u662f\u75d5\u91cf\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5e38\u614b\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u5438\u5149\u5ea6\u6703\u6389\u5230\u96dc\u8a0a\u5e95\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n<h3>\u6750\u6599\u79d1\u5b78\u8207\u5948\u7c73\u6280\u8853<\/h3>\n<p>\u91d1\u8207\u9280\u5948\u7c73\u9846\u7c92\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5c16\u92b3\u7684 <strong>\u5c40\u57df\u8868\u9762\u96fb\u6f3f\u5b50\u5171\u632f<\/strong> \uff0c\u843d\u5728\u53ef\u898b\u5149\u7bc4\u570d\u3001\u6703\u96a8\u9846\u7c92\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u5f62\u72c0\u8207\u805a\u96c6\u72c0\u614b\u79fb\u52d5\u2014\u2014UV-Vis \u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u78ba\u8a8d\u5408\u6210\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u7167\u9810\u671f\u8d70\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u534a\u5c0e\u9ad4\u80fd\u9699\u91cf\u6e2c\u3001\u67d3\u6599\u96f7\u5c04\u8868\u5fb5\u3001\u8584\u819c\u900f\u5c04\/\u53cd\u5c04\uff0c\u5168\u90fd\u9760 UV-Vis \u642d\u914d\u9069\u7576\u914d\u4ef6\uff08\u6f2b\u5c04\u6a23\u54c1\u7528\u7a4d\u5206\u7403\u3001\u8584\u819c\u7528\u53cd\u5c04\u9644\u4ef6\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n<h3>\u98df\u54c1\u3001\u98f2\u6599\u8207\u5316\u599d\u54c1<\/h3>\n<p>\u8272\u5ea6\u91cf\u6e2c\u3001\u7dad\u751f\u7d20\u542b\u91cf\u3001\u6dfb\u52a0\u5291\u7be9\u67e5\u3001\u9632\u66ec SPF \u6e2c\u5b9a\uff0c\u5168\u90fd\u5728 UV-Vis \u7bc4\u7587\u5167\u3002\u9632\u66ec\u6e2c\u8a66\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5c11\u6578\u8981\u6c42 <strong>\u5bec\u7d2b\u5916\u900f\u5c04\u3001\u4f4e\u81f3 290 nm<\/strong> \u7684\u61c9\u7528\u2014\u2014\u77f3\u82f1\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u662f\u5fc5\u9808\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- ============================================================\n     SECTION 7 \u00b7 TROUBLESHOOTING DECISION TREE\n============================================================ -->\n\n<div id=\"troubleshooting\">\n<p class=\"csg-label\">\u7b2c 7 \u7bc0<\/p>\n<h2>\u6545\u969c\u6392\u67e5\uff1a\u5149\u8b5c\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u4e0d\u5c0d\u6642<\/h2>\n\n<figure class=\"csg-svg-figure\">\n<svg viewBox=\"0 0 720 470\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" role=\"img\" aria-labelledby=\"svg5-title\">\n  <title id=\"svg5-title\">UV-Vis \u5206\u5149\u5149\u5ea6\u6cd5\u6545\u969c\u6392\u67e5\u6c7a\u7b56\u6a39\uff1a\u5f9e\u96dc\u6563\u5149\u5230\u6ce2\u9577\u6821\u6e96\u7684 5 \u500b\u8a3a\u65b7\u6b65\u9a5f<\/title>\n  <rect width=\"720\" height=\"470\" fill=\"#ffffff\"\/>\n  <!-- Top box -->\n  <rect x=\"240\" y=\"10\" width=\"240\" height=\"55\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\" rx=\"8\"\/>\n  <text x=\"360\" y=\"35\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"14\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#fff\">\u5149\u8b5c\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u4e0d\u5c0d\uff1f<\/text>\n  <text x=\"360\" y=\"54\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" fill=\"#bbd0ff\">\u4f9d\u5e8f\u8d70\u9019 5 \u6b65<\/text>\n  <line x1=\"360\" y1=\"65\" x2=\"360\" y2=\"90\" stroke=\"#1a2a6c\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\n  <polygon points=\"354,86 366,86 360,96\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\"\/>\n  <!-- Step 1 -->\n  <g>\n    <rect x=\"40\" y=\"100\" width=\"640\" height=\"60\" fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"#fbbf24\" stroke-width=\"2\" rx=\"6\"\/>\n    <circle cx=\"65\" cy=\"130\" r=\"16\" fill=\"#fbbf24\"\/>\n    <text x=\"65\" y=\"135\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"14\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">1<\/text>\n    <text x=\"95\" y=\"125\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"13\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">220 nm \u4ee5\u4e0b\u5438\u5149\u5ea6\u504f\u9ad8\uff1f<\/text>\n    <text x=\"95\" y=\"145\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" fill=\"#555\">\u2192 \u96dc\u6563\u5149\u3002\u91cd\u505a\u7a7a\u767d\uff0c\u8dd1 NaI \/ KCl \u622a\u6b62\u6ffe\u7247\uff08ASTM E387\uff09\u3002<\/text>\n  <\/g>\n  <!-- Step 2 -->\n  <g>\n    <rect x=\"40\" y=\"170\" width=\"640\" height=\"60\" fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"#fbbf24\" stroke-width=\"2\" rx=\"6\"\/>\n    <circle cx=\"65\" cy=\"200\" r=\"16\" fill=\"#fbbf24\"\/>\n    <text x=\"65\" y=\"205\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"14\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">2<\/text>\n    <text x=\"95\" y=\"195\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"13\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">\u6383\u63cf\u4e2d\u57fa\u7dda\u5728\u6f02\uff1f<\/text>\n    <text x=\"95\" y=\"215\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" fill=\"#555\">\u2192 \u71c8\u9810\u71b1\uff0820\u201330 \u5206\u9418\uff09\u3001\u6eab\u5ea6\uff0c\u6216\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u9ad2\u4e86\u3002\u8dd1\u7a7a\u6c23\u5c0d\u7a7a\u6c23\u57fa\u7dda\u3002<\/text>\n  <\/g>\n  <!-- Step 3 -->\n  <g>\n    <rect x=\"40\" y=\"240\" width=\"640\" height=\"60\" fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"#fbbf24\" stroke-width=\"2\" rx=\"6\"\/>\n    <circle cx=\"65\" cy=\"270\" r=\"16\" fill=\"#fbbf24\"\/>\n    <text x=\"65\" y=\"275\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"14\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">3<\/text>\n    <text x=\"95\" y=\"265\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"13\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u8f49 180\u00b0 \u6578\u5b57\u5c31\u8b8a\uff1f<\/text>\n    <text x=\"95\" y=\"285\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" fill=\"#555\">\u2192 \u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u5047\u8c61\u3002\u56fa\u5b9a\u65b9\u5411\uff1b\u5339\u914d\u5c0d\u8981\u4e00\u8d77\u66f4\u63db\u3002<\/text>\n  <\/g>\n  <!-- Step 4 -->\n  <g>\n    <rect x=\"40\" y=\"310\" width=\"640\" height=\"60\" fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"#fbbf24\" stroke-width=\"2\" rx=\"6\"\/>\n    <circle cx=\"65\" cy=\"340\" r=\"16\" fill=\"#fbbf24\"\/>\n    <text x=\"65\" y=\"345\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"14\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">4<\/text>\n    <text x=\"95\" y=\"335\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"13\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">\u6821\u6b63\u66f2\u7dda\u5728\u9ad8 A \u8655\u8b8a\u5e73\uff1f<\/text>\n    <text x=\"95\" y=\"355\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" fill=\"#555\">\u2192 \u6bd4\u723e-\u6717\u4f2f\u504f\u96e2\u3002\u7a00\u91cb\uff0c\u6216\u63db 1\u20132 mm \u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u3002<\/text>\n  <\/g>\n  <!-- Step 5 -->\n  <g>\n    <rect x=\"40\" y=\"380\" width=\"640\" height=\"60\" fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"#fbbf24\" stroke-width=\"2\" rx=\"6\"\/>\n    <circle cx=\"65\" cy=\"410\" r=\"16\" fill=\"#fbbf24\"\/>\n    <text x=\"65\" y=\"415\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"14\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">5<\/text>\n    <text x=\"95\" y=\"405\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"13\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">\u03bbmax \u504f\u96e2\u9810\u671f > 1 nm\uff1f<\/text>\n    <text x=\"95\" y=\"425\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" fill=\"#555\">\u2192 \u6ce2\u9577\u6821\u6e96\u3002\u8dd1\u6c27\u5316\u9225\u6a19\u6e96\uff08NIST SRM 2034\uff09\u3002<\/text>\n  <\/g>\n<\/svg>\n<figcaption class=\"csg-svg-caption\"><strong>\u5716 5.<\/strong> \u4e94\u6b65\u6c7a\u7b56\u6a39\u3002\u4f9d\u5e8f\u8d70\u2014\u2014\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u6293\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5931\u6548\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u7b2c 1\u20133 \u6b65\u5728\u4f60\u9084\u6c92\u78b0\u5230\u5316\u5b78\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5c31\u6514\u4e0b\u591a\u6578\u73fe\u5834\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u5149\u8b5c\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u4e0d\u5c0d\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u5e7e\u4e4e\u90fd\u5728\u4e94\u4ef6\u4e8b\u88e1\uff1a\u96dc\u6563\u5149\u3001\u57fa\u7dda\u6f02\u79fb\u3001\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u5047\u8c61\u3001\u6bd4\u723e-\u6717\u4f2f\u504f\u96e2\uff0c\u6216\u6ce2\u9577\u6821\u6e96\u8dd1\u6389\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5be6\u6230\u8a3a\u65b7\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"csg-decision\">\n  <h3>\u4e94\u6b65\u6545\u969c\u6392\u67e5\u6a39<\/h3>\n\n  <div class=\"csg-decision-step\">\n    <div class=\"csg-decision-num\">1<\/div>\n    <div class=\"csg-decision-text\"><strong>\u5438\u5149\u5ea6\u9ad8\u5f97\u53ef\u7591\u2014\u2014\u5c24\u5176\u5728 220 nm \u4ee5\u4e0b\uff1f<\/strong> \u61f7\u7591\u96dc\u6563\u5149\u3002\u91cd\u505a\u7a7a\u767d\uff0c\u518d\u8dd1\u4e00\u500b\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u622a\u6b62\u6ffe\u7247\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u4f9d ASTM E387 \u96dc\u6563\u5149\u6e2c\u8a66\u7684 NaI \u6216 KCl \u6eb6\u6db2\uff09\uff1b\u672c\u8a72\u7121\u9650\u5927\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u82e5\u91cf\u5230\u6709\u9650\u7684 A\uff0c\u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u4f60\u7684\u96dc\u6563\u5149\u898f\u683c\u88ab\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u3002\u5e38\u898b\u539f\u56e0\uff1a\u5149\u67f5\u522e\u50b7\u3001\u5149\u5b78\u4ef6\u6c61\u67d3\u3001\u72f9\u7e2b\u5bec\u5ea6\u932f\u8aa4\u3002<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"csg-decision-step\">\n    <div class=\"csg-decision-num\">2<\/div>\n    <div class=\"csg-decision-text\"><strong>\u9577\u6383\u63cf\u4e2d\u57fa\u7dda\u5728\u6f02\uff1f<\/strong> \u71c8\u9810\u71b1\u662f\u982d\u865f\u5143\u5147\u2014\u2014\u6c18\u71c8\u9700\u8981 20\u201330 \u5206\u9418\u624d\u7a69\u5b9a\u3002\u6a23\u54c1\u5ba4\u7684\u6eab\u5ea6\u8b8a\u5316\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u3002\u522e\u50b7\u3001\u6709\u6307\u7d0b\u6216\u9ad2\u7684\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u662f\u7b2c\u4e09\u3002\u8dd1\u7a7a\u6c23\u5c0d\u7a7a\u6c23\u57fa\u7dda\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u90a3\u4e5f\u6f02\uff0c\u554f\u984c\u5c31\u5728\u5100\u5668\u3002<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"csg-decision-step\">\n    <div class=\"csg-decision-num\">3<\/div>\n    <div class=\"csg-decision-text\"><strong>\u91cd\u65b0\u64fa\u653e\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u5f8c\u6578\u5b57\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\uff1f<\/strong> \u90a3\u662f\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u5047\u8c61\u3002\u62cb\u5149\u5c0d\u662f\u524d\u5f8c\u914d\u5c0d\u7684\uff1b\u8f49 180\u00b0 \u4f60\u5c31\u6539\u4e86\u5149\u8def\u3002\u6c38\u9060\u4ee5\u540c\u4e00\u65b9\u5411\u4f7f\u7528\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u3001\u62cb\u5149\u9762\u671d\u5149\u675f\uff0c\u4e5f\u7d55\u4e0d\u7528\u7814\u78e8\u7d19\u64e6\u3002\u5339\u914d\u5c0d\u8981\u5169\u652f\u4e00\u8d77\u63db\u2014\u2014\u7d55\u4e0d\u63db\u4e00\u534a\u3002<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"csg-decision-step\">\n    <div class=\"csg-decision-num\">4<\/div>\n    <div class=\"csg-decision-text\"><strong>\u6821\u6b63\u66f2\u7dda\u5728\u9ad8 A \u8655\u5f80\u4e0b\u5f4e\uff1f<\/strong> \u6bd4\u723e-\u6717\u4f2f\u504f\u96e2\u2014\u2014\u4f60\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u7dda\u6027\u7bc4\u570d\u3002\u8981\u561b\u7a00\u91cb\u6a23\u54c1\uff0c\u8981\u561b\u63db\u66f4\u77ed\u5149\u7a0b\uff081 mm \u6216 2 mm\uff09\u3002\u82e5 A > 2.0\uff0c\u4f60\u540c\u6642\u9084\u5728\u8ddf\u96dc\u6563\u5149\u5c0d\u6297\uff0c\u66f2\u7387\u6703\u66f4\u9661\u3002\u7528 <a href=\"https:\/\/machinedquartz.com\/path-length-calculator\/\">\u5149\u7a0b\u8a08\u7b97\u5668<\/a> \u63db\u7b97\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u91cd\u505a\u5316\u5b78\u3002<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"csg-decision-step\">\n    <div class=\"csg-decision-num\">5<\/div>\n    <div class=\"csg-decision-text\"><strong>\u03bbmax \u6bd4\u8a72\u5728\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u504f\u4e86\u8d85\u904e\u7d04 1 nm\uff1f<\/strong> \u6ce2\u9577\u6e96\u78ba\u5ea6\u3002\u8dd1\u6c27\u5316\u9225\u6a19\u6e96\uff1bHo\u00b3\u207a \u5728 241.15\u3001287.15\u3001361.50 \u8207 536.30 nm \u7684\u5cf0\u662f\u5feb\u901f\u9a57\u8b49\uff08NIST <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nist.gov\/programs-projects\/standard-reference-material-2034-holmium-oxide-solution-wavelength-calibration\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">SRM 2034<\/a> \u8a18\u8f09\u4e86\u8a8d\u8b49\u503c\uff09\u3002\u82e5\u5b83\u5011\u504f\u4e86\uff0c\u55ae\u8272\u5668\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u6821\u6e96\u3002\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u53f0\u5100\u5668\u7684\u53c3\u8003\u5149\u8b5c\u7121\u6cd5\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u53f0\u91cd\u73fe\u7684\u6700\u5e38\u898b\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h3>\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u7aef\u7684\u554f\u984c\u8207\u600e\u9ebc\u770b\u51fa\u4f86<\/h3>\n<p>\u6bcf\u9593 UV-Vis \u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u9072\u65e9\u90fd\u6703\u628a\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u7684\u554f\u984c\u602a\u5230\u5100\u5668\u982d\u4e0a\u3002\u5fb5\u5146\u6709\uff1a\u63db\u4e00\u652f\u88dd\u540c\u6a23\u7de9\u885d\u6db2\u7684\u65b0\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\uff0c\u5438\u5149\u5ea6\u5c31\u8b8a\uff1b\u7a7a\u6c23\u88e1\u57fa\u7dda\u5e73\u3001\u88dd\u6eb6\u6db2\u5c31\u6f02\uff1b\u5339\u914d\u5c0d\u88e1\u90a3\u652f\u300c\u7a7a\u767d\u300d\u6e05\u6d17\u5f8c\u4ecd\u986f\u793a\u6b98\u7559\u5438\u5149\u5ea6\u3002\u89e3\u6cd5\u662f\u6e05\u6f54\uff08\u7528\u9069\u7576\u6eb6\u5291\u6c96\u3001\u5012\u7f6e\u4e7e\u71e5\u3001\u7d55\u4e0d\u7528\u62ed\u93e1\u7d19\uff09\u8207\u66f4\u63db\uff08\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u6703\u8001\u5316\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u63a5\u89f8\u9178\u6216\u71b1\u6eb6\u5291\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- ============================================================\n     SECTION 8 \u00b7 CHOOSING\n============================================================ -->\n\n<div id=\"choosing\">\n<p class=\"csg-label\">\u7b2c 8 \u7bc0<\/p>\n<h2>\u9078\u5c0d\u5206\u5149\u5149\u5ea6\u8a08\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u914d\u5b83\u7684\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\uff09<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6b63\u5728\u898f\u5283\u65b0\u5100\u5668\u6216\u65b0\u914d\u4ef6\u7d44\uff0c\u628a\u9019\u4efd\u6e05\u55ae\u8d70\u4e00\u904d\uff1a<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n  <li><strong>\u6ce2\u9577\u7bc4\u570d<\/strong> \u2014\u2014\u4f60\u9700\u8981 200 nm \u4ee5\u4e0b\u55ce\uff1f1100 nm \u4ee5\u4e0a\u55ce\uff1f\u9019\u6c7a\u5b9a\u71c8\u7684\u7d44\u5408\u8207\u5075\u6e2c\u5668\u3002<\/li>\n  <li><strong>\u5149\u8b5c\u983b\u5bec \/ \u89e3\u6790\u5ea6<\/strong> \u2014\u2014\u591a\u6578\u5b9a\u91cf\u5de5\u4f5c 2 nm \u5c31\u5920\uff1b\u5c16\u92b3\u5206\u5b50\u5e36\u8207\u88fd\u85e5\u9451\u5225\u624d\u9700\u8981 0.5\u20131 nm\u3002<\/li>\n  <li><strong>\u96dc\u6563\u5149\u898f\u683c<\/strong> \u2014\u2014220 nm \u8655\u4f4e\u65bc 0.05% T \u662f\u7814\u7a76\u7d1a\uff1b\u4f4e\u65bc 0.01% T \u5c31\u662f\u96d9\u55ae\u8272\u5668\u7684\u5730\u76e4\u3002<\/li>\n  <li><strong>\u5149\u675f\u9ad8\u5ea6\uff08Z \u8ef8\u5c3a\u5bf8\uff09<\/strong> \u2014\u20148.5\u300115 \u6216 20 mm\uff1b\u9019\u6c7a\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e9b\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u771f\u7684\u585e\u5f97\u9032\u53bb\u3002<\/li>\n  <li><strong>\u6a23\u54c1\u5ba4\u914d\u4ef6<\/strong> \u2014\u2014\u6046\u6eab\u5ea7\u3001\u591a\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u8f49\u76e4\u3001\u5149\u7e96\u3001\u7a4d\u5206\u7403\u3001\u6d41\u901a\u6c60\u3002<\/li>\n  <li><strong>\u8edf\u9ad4 \/ \u5408\u898f<\/strong> \u2014\u201421 CFR Part 11\u3001Ph. Eur. \u5408\u898f\u8207\u7a3d\u6838\u8ecc\u8de1\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5728\u53d7\u898f\u7bc4\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3>\u7576\u6a19\u6e96\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u578b\u9304\u4e0d\u5920\u7528\u6642<\/h3>\n<p>\u578b\u9304\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u80fd\u61c9\u4ed8 80% \u7684\u6e2c\u91cf\u3002\u5269\u4e0b\u7684 20%\u2014\u2014\u975e\u6a19\u6e96\u5149\u7a0b\uff0815 mm\u300120 mm\u30010.5 mm\uff09\u3001\u7279\u6b8a\u5b54\u5f91\u3001OEM \u91cf\u7d1a\u8a02\u55ae\uff0c\u6216\u6c92\u4eba\u5099\u8ca8\u7684\u6750\u8cea\/\u7b49\u7d1a\u7d44\u5408\u2014\u2014\u6b63\u662f\u5ba2\u88fd\u88fd\u9020\u767c\u63ee\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u6211\u5011\u7d93\u5e38\u88fd\u9020\uff1a<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n  <li>\u4ecb\u65bc\u6a19\u6e96\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5149\u7a0b\uff081.5 mm\u30017 mm\u300125 mm\uff09\uff0c\u5c0d\u61c9\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6bd4\u723e-\u6717\u4f2f\u7a97\u53e3<\/li>\n  <li>\u70ba\u975e\u6a19\u6e96\u5100\u5668\u8207 OEM \u8a2d\u8a08\u505a\u7684\u5ba2\u88fd Z \u8ef8\u5c3a\u5bf8<\/li>\n  <li>\u5177\u7279\u5b9a\u9032\/\u51fa\u53e3\u5e7e\u4f55\u7684\u6d41\u901a\u6c60\uff0c\u4f9b\u7dda\u4e0a\u88fd\u7a0b\u76e3\u63a7<\/li>\n  <li>\u6df7\u5408\u6750\u8cea\u7d44\u4ef6\uff08\u77f3\u82f1\u672c\u9ad4\u914d\u85cd\u5bf6\u77f3\u7a97\u53e3\uff0c\u4f9b\u9ad8\u6eab\u5de5\u4f5c\uff09<\/li>\n  <li>\u6279\u91cf OEM\u3001\u6279\u6b21\u9593\u900f\u5c04\u53d7\u63a7<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- ============================================================\n     CTA BOX (mid-page conversion)\n============================================================ -->\n\n<div class=\"csg-cta\">\n  <h3>\u9700\u8981\u4efb\u4f55\u578b\u9304\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\u7684 UV-Vis \u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\uff1f<\/h3>\n  <p>MachinedQuartz \u4f9d\u4f60\u7684\u7cbe\u78ba\u5c3a\u5bf8\u88fd\u9020\u5ba2\u88fd\u5316\u77f3\u82f1\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u2014\u2014\u975e\u6a19\u6e96\u5149\u7a0b\u3001OEM \u5e7e\u4f55\u3001\u6df7\u5408\u6750\u8cea\u7d44\u4ef6\u3002\u7121\u6700\u4f4e\u8a02\u8cfc\u91cf\uff0c1\u20132 \u9031\u4ea4\u8ca8\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n  <p>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/machinedquartz.com\/zh-hant\/custom-quartz-cuvettes\/\" class=\"csg-cta-btn\">\u63a2\u7d22\u5ba2\u88fd\u5316\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf<\/a>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/machinedquartz.com\/contact\/\" class=\"csg-cta-btn csg-cta-btn-outline\">\u7d22\u53d6\u5831\u50f9<\/a>\n  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- ============================================================\n     SECTION 9 \u00b7 UV-VIS VS OTHER TECHNIQUES\n============================================================ -->\n\n<div id=\"vs-other\">\n<p class=\"csg-label\">\u7b2c 9 \u7bc0<\/p>\n<h2>UV-Vis vs \u5176\u4ed6\u6280\u8853<\/h2>\n\n<figure class=\"csg-svg-figure\">\n<svg viewBox=\"0 0 720 420\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" role=\"img\" aria-labelledby=\"svg10-title\">\n  <title id=\"svg10-title\">UV-Vis \u5149\u8b5c\u8207 IR\u3001\u87a2\u5149\u3001\u539f\u5b50\u5438\u6536\u3001HPLC \u5728\u6ce2\u9577\u7bc4\u570d\u8207\u8cc7\u8a0a\u985e\u578b\u4e0a\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03<\/title>\n  <rect width=\"720\" height=\"400\" fill=\"#ffffff\"\/>\n  <text x=\"360\" y=\"32\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"15\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">UV-Vis vs \u5176\u4ed6\u5149\u8b5c\u8207\u5206\u96e2\u6280\u8853<\/text>\n  <text x=\"360\" y=\"50\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" fill=\"#555\">\u6bcf\u7a2e\u6280\u8853\u843d\u5728\u5149\u8b5c\u7684\u54ea\u4e00\u6bb5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u5be6\u969b\u544a\u8a34\u4f60\u4ec0\u9ebc<\/text>\n\n  <!-- Wavelength axis: 100 nm to 100,000 nm (log) -->\n  <!-- Use log scale: log10(100)=2, log10(100000)=5, range 3 decades -->\n  <!-- Chart x: 100 to 660 = 560 px \/ 3 = 186.7 px per decade -->\n  <!-- log(100)=2 \u2192 x=100; log(200)=2.301 \u2192 156; log(380)=2.580 \u2192 208; log(780)=2.892 \u2192 266; log(2500)=3.398 \u2192 360; log(25000)=4.398 \u2192 547; log(100000)=5 \u2192 660 -->\n\n  <!-- Background regions -->\n  <rect x=\"100\" y=\"80\" width=\"56\" height=\"220\" fill=\"#e6dcf0\" opacity=\"0.4\"\/>     <!-- Vacuum UV 100-200 -->\n  <rect x=\"156\" y=\"80\" width=\"52\" height=\"220\" fill=\"#d6c2eb\" opacity=\"0.4\"\/>      <!-- UV 200-380 -->\n  <rect x=\"208\" y=\"80\" width=\"58\" height=\"220\" fill=\"#fff8d1\" opacity=\"0.4\"\/>      <!-- Visible 380-780 -->\n  <rect x=\"266\" y=\"80\" width=\"94\" height=\"220\" fill=\"#dde9f7\" opacity=\"0.4\"\/>      <!-- NIR 780-2500 -->\n  <rect x=\"360\" y=\"80\" width=\"187\" height=\"220\" fill=\"#f7e3dd\" opacity=\"0.4\"\/>     <!-- Mid-IR 2500-25000 -->\n  <rect x=\"547\" y=\"80\" width=\"113\" height=\"220\" fill=\"#f0d3c0\" opacity=\"0.3\"\/>     <!-- Far-IR 25000+ -->\n\n  <text x=\"128\" y=\"74\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"9\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#5b1a8e\">VUV<\/text>\n  <text x=\"182\" y=\"74\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#5b1a8e\">UV<\/text>\n  <text x=\"237\" y=\"74\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#a08b1c\">\u53ef\u898b\u5149<\/text>\n  <text x=\"313\" y=\"74\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a558e\">NIR<\/text>\n  <text x=\"453\" y=\"74\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#9c441a\">\u4e2d\u7d05\u5916<\/text>\n  <text x=\"603\" y=\"74\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#9c441a\">\u9060\u7d05\u5916<\/text>\n\n  <!-- Technique bars -->\n  <!-- UV-Vis: 190-1100, log(190)=2.279, log(1100)=3.041 -->\n  <!-- x_start = 100 + 0.279*186.7 = 152, x_end = 100 + 1.041*186.7 = 294, width=142 -->\n  <text x=\"92\" y=\"120\" text-anchor=\"end\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"12\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">UV-Vis<\/text>\n  <rect x=\"152\" y=\"105\" width=\"142\" height=\"26\" fill=\"#1a73e8\" rx=\"4\"\/>\n  <text x=\"223\" y=\"122\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#fff\">190 \u2013 1100 nm<\/text>\n  <text x=\"668\" y=\"122\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10\" fill=\"#555\">\u96fb\u5b50\u8e8d\u9077 \u00b7 \u6fc3\u5ea6<\/text>\n\n  <!-- Fluorescence: ex 250-700, em 280-800. Show 250-800 -->\n  <!-- log(250)=2.398, log(800)=2.903; x=174, x_end=269, w=95 -->\n  <text x=\"92\" y=\"160\" text-anchor=\"end\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"12\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">\u87a2\u5149<\/text>\n  <rect x=\"174\" y=\"145\" width=\"95\" height=\"26\" fill=\"#9333ea\" rx=\"4\"\/>\n  <text x=\"221\" y=\"162\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#fff\">250 \u2013 800 nm<\/text>\n  <text x=\"668\" y=\"162\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10\" fill=\"#555\">\u767c\u5c04 \u00b7 \u9748\u654f\u5ea6\u9ad8 1000\u00d7<\/text>\n\n  <!-- AAS: 190-900 nm -->\n  <text x=\"92\" y=\"200\" text-anchor=\"end\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"12\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">AAS \/ ICP<\/text>\n  <rect x=\"152\" y=\"185\" width=\"123\" height=\"26\" fill=\"#16a34a\" rx=\"4\"\/>\n  <text x=\"213\" y=\"202\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#fff\">190 \u2013 900 nm\uff08\u539f\u5b50\u8b5c\u7dda\uff09<\/text>\n  <text x=\"668\" y=\"202\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10\" fill=\"#555\">\u50c5\u5143\u7d20\u6fc3\u5ea6<\/text>\n\n  <!-- HPLC-DAD: 190-800 nm same as UV-Vis but with chromatography -->\n  <text x=\"92\" y=\"240\" text-anchor=\"end\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"12\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">HPLC-DAD<\/text>\n  <rect x=\"152\" y=\"225\" width=\"117\" height=\"26\" fill=\"#0891b2\" rx=\"4\"\/>\n  <text x=\"210\" y=\"242\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#fff\">190 \u2013 800 nm + \u5206\u96e2<\/text>\n  <text x=\"668\" y=\"242\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10\" fill=\"#555\">\u5149\u8b5c \u00d7 \u6eef\u7559\u6642\u9593<\/text>\n\n  <!-- IR\/FTIR: 2500-25000 -->\n  <!-- log(2500)=3.398 \u2192 x=361, log(25000)=4.398 \u2192 x=547, w=186 -->\n  <text x=\"92\" y=\"280\" text-anchor=\"end\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"12\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">IR \/ FTIR<\/text>\n  <rect x=\"361\" y=\"265\" width=\"186\" height=\"26\" fill=\"#dc2626\" rx=\"4\"\/>\n  <text x=\"454\" y=\"282\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#fff\">2.5 \u2013 25 \u00b5m<\/text>\n  <text x=\"668\" y=\"282\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10\" fill=\"#555\">\u632f\u52d5\u9375 \u00b7 \u7d50\u69cb<\/text>\n\n  <!-- X axis -->\n  <line x1=\"100\" y1=\"305\" x2=\"660\" y2=\"305\" stroke=\"#333\" stroke-width=\"1.5\"\/>\n  <g font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10\" fill=\"#555\">\n    <line x1=\"100\" y1=\"305\" x2=\"100\" y2=\"311\" stroke=\"#333\"\/>\n    <text x=\"100\" y=\"324\" text-anchor=\"middle\">100 nm<\/text>\n    <line x1=\"156\" y1=\"305\" x2=\"156\" y2=\"311\" stroke=\"#333\"\/>\n    <text x=\"156\" y=\"324\" text-anchor=\"middle\">200<\/text>\n    <line x1=\"208\" y1=\"305\" x2=\"208\" y2=\"311\" stroke=\"#333\"\/>\n    <text x=\"208\" y=\"324\" text-anchor=\"middle\">380<\/text>\n    <line x1=\"266\" y1=\"305\" x2=\"266\" y2=\"311\" stroke=\"#333\"\/>\n    <text x=\"266\" y=\"324\" text-anchor=\"middle\">780<\/text>\n    <line x1=\"360\" y1=\"305\" x2=\"360\" y2=\"311\" stroke=\"#333\"\/>\n    <text x=\"360\" y=\"324\" text-anchor=\"middle\">2.5 \u00b5m<\/text>\n    <line x1=\"547\" y1=\"305\" x2=\"547\" y2=\"311\" stroke=\"#333\"\/>\n    <text x=\"547\" y=\"324\" text-anchor=\"middle\">25 \u00b5m<\/text>\n    <line x1=\"660\" y1=\"305\" x2=\"660\" y2=\"311\" stroke=\"#333\"\/>\n    <text x=\"660\" y=\"324\" text-anchor=\"middle\">100 \u00b5m<\/text>\n  <\/g>\n  <text x=\"360\" y=\"345\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"600\" fill=\"#333\">\u6ce2\u9577\uff08\u5c0d\u6578\u523b\u5ea6\uff09<\/text>\n\n  <!-- Quick decision -->\n  <rect x=\"20\" y=\"365\" width=\"680\" height=\"48\" fill=\"#f0f4fc\" stroke=\"#1a2a6c\" stroke-width=\"1\" rx=\"6\"\/>\n  <text x=\"360\" y=\"384\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" fill=\"#1a2a6c\">\u8981\u6fc3\u5ea6 \u2192 UV-Vis \u00b7 \u8981\u75d5\u91cf \u2192 \u87a2\u5149 \u00b7 \u8981\u5143\u7d20 \u2192 AAS \u00b7 \u8981\u7d50\u69cb \u2192 IR \u00b7 \u8981\u5206\u96e2 \u2192 HPLC-DAD<\/text>\n<\/svg>\n<figcaption class=\"csg-svg-caption\"><strong>\u5716 10.<\/strong> UV-Vis \u5728\u9130\u8fd1\u6280\u8853\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002UV-Vis \u5728 190\u20131100 nm \u4e3b\u5bb0\u6fc3\u5ea6\u91cf\u6e2c\uff1b\u87a2\u5149\u5c0d\u6703\u767c\u5c04\u7684\u5206\u6790\u7269\u5207\u51fa\u7d04 1000\u00d7 \u7684\u9748\u654f\u5ea6\u512a\u52e2\uff1bAAS \u9396\u5b9a\u539f\u5b50\u8b5c\u7dda\uff1bIR \u9032\u5230 2.5\u201325 \u00b5m \u8b80\u5b98\u80fd\u57fa\uff1bHPLC-DAD \u7d66 UV-Vis \u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u689d\u5206\u96e2\u8ef8\u3002\u4f9d\u4f60\u8981\u554f\u7684\u554f\u984c\u4f86\u9078\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u770b\u5de5\u4f5c\u53f0\u4e0a\u64fa\u8457\u54ea\u53f0\u5149\u8b5c\u5100\u3002<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n\n<h3>UV-Vis \u5206\u5149\u5149\u5ea6\u8a08 vs \u50c5\u53ef\u898b\u5149\u5206\u5149\u5149\u5ea6\u8a08<\/h3>\n<p>\u50c5\u53ef\u898b\u5149\u5100\u5668\u53ea\u6709\u93a2\u7d72\u71c8\uff0c\u6db5\u84cb\u7d04 320\u20131,000 nm\u3002UV-Vis \u5100\u5668\u591a\u4e86\u4e00\u652f\u6c18\u71c8\uff0c\u5f80\u4e0b\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230 190 nm\u3002\u8981\u6e2c DNA\u3001\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u3001\u9632\u66ec\uff0c\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u5728\u7d2b\u5916\u6709\u5438\u6536\u7684\u82b3\u9999\u65cf\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u9700\u8981 UV-Vis\u2014\u2014\u50c5\u53ef\u898b\u5149\u505a\u4e0d\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n<h3>UV-Vis vs IR \/ FTIR \u5149\u8b5c<\/h3>\n<p>UV-Vis \u91cf\u7684\u662f 190\u2013780 nm \u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u8e8d\u9077\u3002IR\/FTIR \u91cf\u7684\u662f 2.5\u201325 \u00b5m\uff084,000\u2013400 cm\u207b\u00b9\uff09\u7684\u632f\u52d5\u8e8d\u9077\u3002UV-Vis \u6700\u9069\u5408\u5b9a\u91cf\uff1bIR\/FTIR \u6700\u9069\u5408\u7d50\u69cb\u9451\u5b9a\u3002\u5169\u8005\u4e92\u88dc\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u7af6\u722d\u3002<\/p>\n\n<h3>UV-Vis vs \u87a2\u5149\u5149\u8b5c<\/h3>\n<p>UV-Vis \u91cf\u7684\u662f\u6a23\u54c1 <strong>\u5438\u6536<\/strong>\u7684\u5149\u3002\u87a2\u5149\u91cf\u7684\u662f\u6a23\u54c1 <strong>\u767c\u5c04<\/strong> \u7684\u5149\uff08\u5728\u5438\u6536 UV-Vis \u5149\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff09\u3002\u87a2\u5149\u901a\u5e38\u9748\u654f 100\u20131,000\u00d7\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u5c0d\u6703\u767c\u87a2\u5149\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u6709\u6548\u3002\u8a31\u591a\u87a2\u5149\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u662f\u56db\u7a97\u53e3\uff0c\u8b93\u540c\u4e00\u652f\u5169\u7a2e\u6e2c\u91cf\u90fd\u80fd\u505a\u2014\u2014\u5b8c\u6574\u9078\u578b\u6d41\u7a0b\u898b\u5c08\u9580\u7684 <a href=\"https:\/\/machinedquartz.com\/zh-hant\/fluorescence-cuvette-guide\/\">\u87a2\u5149\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u6307\u5357<\/a> \u3002<\/p>\n\n<h3>UV-Vis vs \u539f\u5b50\u5438\u6536\uff08AAS\uff09\u8207 ICP<\/h3>\n<p>UV-Vis \u91cf\u7684\u662f\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684\u5206\u5b50\uff1bAAS \u8207 ICP \u91cf\u7684\u662f\u6a23\u54c1\u5728\u706b\u7130\u6216\u96fb\u6f3f\u4e2d\u539f\u5b50\u5316\u5f8c\u7684\u500b\u5225\u539f\u5b50\u3002\u75d5\u91cf\u91d1\u5c6c\u5206\u6790\u6642\uff0cAAS \u6216 ICP-OES\/MS \u7684\u9748\u654f\u5ea6\u6bd4 UV-Vis \u9ad8\u597d\u5e7e\u500b\u6578\u91cf\u7d1a\u3002\u4f46\u7576\u57fa\u8cea\u8907\u96dc\u3001\u53c8\u6709\u6bd4\u8272\u8a66\u5291\u63d0\u4f9b\u9078\u64c7\u6027\u6642\uff0cUV-Vis \u4ecd\u7136\u52dd\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n\n<h3>UV-Vis vs \u5e36\u4e8c\u6975\u9ad4\u9663\u5217\u5075\u6e2c\u7684 HPLC<\/h3>\n<p>HPLC-DAD \u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u53f0\u5750\u5728\u5c64\u6790\u5206\u96e2\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7684 UV-Vis \u5206\u5149\u5149\u5ea6\u8a08\uff08\u90a3\u500b\u4e8c\u6975\u9ad4\u9663\u5217\u5075\u6e2c\u5668\uff09\u3002\u540c\u4e00\u5957\u6bd4\u723e-\u6717\u4f2f\u8a08\u7b97\u7167\u6a23\u9069\u7528\u3002\u5dee\u5225\u5728\u65bc HPLC-DAD \u91cf\u7684\u662f\u6bcf\u500b\u7d44\u5206\u5728\u5206\u96e2 <em>\u4e4b\u5f8c<\/em> \u7684 UV-Vis \u5149\u8b5c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5171\u540c\u5438\u6536\u7684\u5206\u6790\u7269\u4e0d\u6703\u4e92\u76f8\u5e72\u64fe\u3002\u7368\u7acb UV-Vis \u66f4\u5feb\u66f4\u4fbf\u5b9c\uff1b\u7576\u4f60\u6709\u591a\u500b\u91cd\u758a\u7684\u5438\u6536\u7269\u6642\uff0cHPLC-DAD \u624d\u662f\u7b54\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- ============================================================\n     SECTION 10 \u00b7 FAQ\n============================================================ -->\n\n<div id=\"faq\">\n<p class=\"csg-label\">\u7b2c 10 \u7bc0<\/p>\n<h2>\u5e38\u898b\u554f\u984c<\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"csg-faq\">\n  <div class=\"csg-faq-item\">\n    <div class=\"csg-faq-q\">UV-Vis \u5206\u5149\u5149\u5ea6\u6cd5\u7684\u539f\u7406\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f<\/div>\n    <div class=\"csg-faq-a\"><p>UV-Vis \u5206\u5149\u5149\u5ea6\u6cd5\u91cf\u6e2c\u6a23\u54c1\u5728\u6bcf\u500b\u6ce2\u9577\u5438\u6536\u591a\u5c11\u7d2b\u5916\u8207\u53ef\u898b\u5149\u3002\u7576\u5149\u5b50\u80fd\u91cf\u7b49\u65bc\u5206\u6790\u7269\u5169\u500b\u96fb\u5b50\u614b\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u80fd\u9699\u6642\u5c31\u88ab\u5438\u6536\u3002\u5438\u5149\u5ea6\u7684\u5716\u8b5c\u53ef\u8fa8\u8b58\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u67d0\u9078\u5b9a\u6ce2\u9577\u7684\u5438\u5149\u5ea6\u503c\u5247\u900f\u904e\u6bd4\u723e-\u6717\u4f2f\u5b9a\u5f8b\u63db\u7b97\u6210\u6fc3\u5ea6\u3002<\/p><\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"csg-faq-item\">\n    <div class=\"csg-faq-q\">\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc UV-Vis \u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u7528\u77f3\u82f1\uff1f<\/div>\n    <div class=\"csg-faq-a\"><p>\u77f3\u82f1\u5f9e\u7d04 190 nm \u4e00\u8def\u900f\u660e\u5230\u8fd1\u7d05\u5916\u3002\u5149\u5b78\u73bb\u7483\u7d04\u5728 340 nm \u622a\u6b62\u3001\u5851\u81a0\u7d04\u5728 380 nm\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5169\u8005\u90fd\u7121\u6cd5\u7528\u5728 DNA\u3001\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u8207\u82b3\u9999\u65cf\u5316\u5408\u7269\u6709\u5438\u6536\u7684\u7d2b\u5916\u5340\u3002200 nm \u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u6df1\u7d2b\u5916\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5168\u5408\u6210\u7684 JGS1 \u7b49\u7d1a\u6216\u85cd\u5bf6\u77f3\u624d\u662f\u5c0d\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u3002<\/p><\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"csg-faq-item\">\n    <div class=\"csg-faq-q\">UV-Vis \u8207\u53ef\u898b\u5149\u5206\u5149\u5149\u5ea6\u6cd5\u6709\u4f55\u5dee\u5225\uff1f<\/div>\n    <div class=\"csg-faq-a\"><p>\u50c5\u53ef\u898b\u5149\u7684\u5206\u5149\u5149\u5ea6\u8a08\u7528\u55ae\u4e00\u93a2\u7d72\u71c8\uff0c\u5927\u81f4\u6db5\u84cb 320 \u5230 1,000 nm\u3002UV-Vis \u5100\u5668\u591a\u4e86\u4e00\u652f\u6c18\u71c8\uff0c\u5f80\u4e0b\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230 190 nm\u3002\u7d14\u7d2b\u5916\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u6838\u9178\u5b9a\u91cf\u8207\u9632\u66ec\u6e2c\u8a66\uff09\u9700\u8981\u50c5\u53ef\u898b\u5149\u5100\u5668\u6406\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u90a3\u6bb5\u7d2b\u5916\u3002<\/p><\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"csg-faq-item\">\n    <div class=\"csg-faq-q\">A260\/A280 \u6bd4\u503c\u4ee3\u8868\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f<\/div>\n    <div class=\"csg-faq-a\"><p>A260\/A280 \u662f\u6838\u9178\u6a23\u54c1\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u7d14\u5ea6\u6aa2\u67e5\u3002\u7d14 DNA \u6bd4\u503c\u63a5\u8fd1 1.8\uff0c\u7d14 RNA \u63a5\u8fd1 2.0\u3002\u4f4e\u65bc 1.7 \u901a\u5e38\u4ee3\u8868\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u6c61\u67d3\uff0c\u9ad8\u65bc 2.1 \u5247\u53ef\u80fd\u662f DNA \u88fd\u5099\u4e2d\u6df7\u5165 RNA\u3002\u8b80\u6578\u61c9\u5728\u4e7e\u6de8\u7684\u77f3\u82f1\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u3001\u914d\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u7de9\u885d\u6db2\u57fa\u7dda\u4e0b\u9032\u884c\u3002<\/p><\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"csg-faq-item\">\n    <div class=\"csg-faq-q\">\u5438\u5149\u5ea6\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8981\u7dad\u6301\u5728 0.2 \u5230 1.0 \u4e4b\u9593\uff1f<\/div>\n    <div class=\"csg-faq-a\"><p>\u4f4e\u65bc 0.2\uff0c\u5075\u6e2c\u5668\u96dc\u8a0a\u4e3b\u5c0e\u8a0a\u865f\u3002\u9ad8\u65bc 1.0\uff0c\u96dc\u6563\u5149\u3001\u5075\u6e2c\u5668\u975e\u7dda\u6027\u8207\u5316\u5b78\u6548\u61c9\uff08\u805a\u96c6\u3001\u6298\u5c04\u7387\u8b8a\u5316\uff09\u6703\u628a\u6821\u6b63\u66f2\u7dda\u5f9e\u6bd4\u723e-\u6717\u4f2f\u7dda\u6027\u63b0\u958b\u3002\u628a A \u7dad\u6301\u5728 0.2\u20131.0 \u7a97\u53e3\uff0c\u80fd\u5728\u4e0d\u91cd\u505a\u5be6\u9a57\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u6fc3\u5ea6\u503c\u3002<\/p><\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"csg-faq-item\">\n    <div class=\"csg-faq-q\">\u5851\u81a0\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u80fd\u7528\u65bc\u7d2b\u5916\u6e2c\u91cf\u55ce\uff1f<\/div>\n    <div class=\"csg-faq-a\"><p>\u6a19\u6e96\u805a\u82ef\u4e59\u70ef\u8207 PMMA \u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u5728 340 nm \u4ee5\u4e0b\u5f37\u70c8\u5438\u6536\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7121\u6cd5\u505a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7d2b\u5916\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u300cUV \u5851\u81a0\u300d\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u5ba3\u7a31\u53ef\u900f\u5c04\u5230 220 nm\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u7d2b\u5916\u900f\u5c04\u6279\u6b21\u9593\u4e0d\u7a69\u3001\u53c8\u7981\u4e0d\u8d77\u6709\u6a5f\u6eb6\u5291\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u7d2b\u5916\u6e2c\u91cf\uff0c\u77f3\u82f1\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u624d\u662f\u5c0d\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u3002<\/p><\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"csg-faq-item\">\n    <div class=\"csg-faq-q\">UV-Vis \u5206\u5149\u5149\u5ea6\u8a08\u80fd\u6e2c\u5230\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u6ce2\u9577\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff1f<\/div>\n    <div class=\"csg-faq-a\"><p>\u4f8b\u884c\u5100\u5668\u5230 190 nm\u3002\u914d\u6c2e\u6c23\u5439\u6383\u5149\u8def\u8207 JGS1 \u77f3\u82f1\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7d1a\u5100\u5668\uff0c\u53ef\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u7d04 175 nm\u3002175 nm \u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u771f\u7a7a\u7d2b\u5916\u5340\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u62bd\u771f\u7a7a\u7684\u5149\u5b78\u7cfb\u7d71\u8207 CaF\u2082 \u6216 LiF \u7a97\u53e3\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u6a19\u6e96\u77f3\u82f1\u3002<\/p><\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"csg-faq-item\">\n    <div class=\"csg-faq-q\">UV-Vis \u5206\u5149\u5149\u5ea6\u8a08\u591a\u4e45\u8981\u6821\u6e96\u4e00\u6b21\uff1f<\/div>\n    <div class=\"csg-faq-a\"><p>\u6ce2\u9577\u6e96\u78ba\u5ea6\u901a\u5e38\u6bcf\u6708\u7528\u6c27\u5316\u9225\u6a19\u6e96\u9a57\u8b49\u3001\u5149\u5ea6\u6e96\u78ba\u5ea6\u6bcf\u5b63\u7528\u4e2d\u6027\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6ffe\u7247\u3001\u96dc\u6563\u5149\u6bcf\u5e74\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u88fd\u85e5\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u7167\u85e5\u5178\u6642\u7a0b\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u6bcf\u5e74\u505a\u4e00\u6b21\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u9a57\u8b49\uff08PQ\uff09\u3002\u63db\u71c8\u6216\u7dad\u4fee\u5f8c\uff0c\u6062\u5fa9\u5de5\u4f5c\u524d\u5148\u628a\u6574\u5957\u6aa2\u67e5\u8dd1\u4e00\u904d\u3002<\/p><\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- ============================================================\n     RELATED RESOURCES (cluster grid \u00b7 4 cards \u00b7 matches CSG style)\n============================================================ -->\n\n<div class=\"csg-related\">\n  <div class=\"csg-related-title\">\u76f8\u95dc\u8cc7\u6e90<\/div>\n  <div class=\"csg-related-grid\">\n    <a class=\"csg-related-card\" href=\"https:\/\/machinedquartz.com\/zh-hant\/cuvette-selection-guide\/\">\n      <div class=\"csg-related-eye\">\u63a1\u8cfc\u6307\u5357<\/div>\n      <div class=\"csg-related-h\">\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u9078\u578b\u6307\u5357<\/div>\n      <p class=\"csg-related-desc\">\u4e94\u6b65\u9078\u5c0d\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u2014\u2014\u6750\u8cea\u3001\u5149\u7a0b\u3001\u5bb9\u91cf\u3001\u7a97\u53e3\u6578\u3001Z \u8ef8\u5c3a\u5bf8\u3002\u5f9e\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u89d2\u5ea6\u6db5\u84cb\u63a1\u8cfc\u6c7a\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n    <\/a>\n    <a class=\"csg-related-card\" href=\"https:\/\/machinedquartz.com\/comparative-analysis-of-quartz-cuvette-models-for-scientific-oem-use\/\">\n      <div class=\"csg-related-eye\">\u63a1\u8cfc\u6307\u5357<\/div>\n      <div class=\"csg-related-h\">\u77f3\u82f1\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u578b\u865f\u6bd4\u8f03<\/div>\n      <p class=\"csg-related-desc\">Standard 80 vs Sintered 80\/83 vs Molded 83\u2014\u2014\u5b8c\u6574\u898f\u683c\u8868\u3001\u6c7a\u7b56\u6a39\u8207\u50f9\u683c\u5c64\u7d1a\u6bd4\u8f03\u3002<\/p>\n    <\/a>\n    <a class=\"csg-related-card\" href=\"https:\/\/machinedquartz.com\/cuvettes-and-cells-size-chart\/\">\n      <div class=\"csg-related-eye\">\u53c3\u8003\u5de5\u5177<\/div>\n      <div class=\"csg-related-h\">\u5c3a\u5bf8\u8207\u898f\u683c\u8868\uff081,300+ \u500b SKU\uff09<\/div>\n      <p class=\"csg-related-desc\">\u4f9d\u5149\u7a0b\u3001\u88fd\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u84cb\u578b\u8207\u900f\u5149\u58c1\u6578\u7be9\u9078\u5b8c\u6574\u578b\u9304\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u73fe\u8ca8 SKU\u3002<\/p>\n    <\/a>\n    <a class=\"csg-related-card\" href=\"https:\/\/machinedquartz.com\/zh-hant\/custom-quartz-cuvettes\/\">\n      <div class=\"csg-related-eye\">\u5ba2\u88fd\u88fd\u9020<\/div>\n      <div class=\"csg-related-h\">\u5ba2\u88fd\u5316\u77f3\u82f1\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf<\/div>\n      <p class=\"csg-related-desc\">\u975e\u6a19\u6e96\u5149\u7a0b\uff0c0.1 mm \u81f3 200 mm\uff0c\u6700\u4f4e\u8a02\u8cfc 2\u20134 \u4ef6\uff0c5\u20138 \u500b\u5de5\u4f5c\u5929\u51fa\u8ca8\u3002\u9644\u5831\u50f9\u4f30\u7b97\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n    <\/a>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- ============================================================\n     FAQ ACCORDION + SMOOTH-SCROLL JS\n============================================================ -->\n\n<script>\ndocument.querySelectorAll('.csg-faq-q').forEach(function(q) {\n  q.addEventListener('click', function() {\n    var item = this.closest('.csg-faq-item');\n    var isOpen = item.classList.contains('open');\n    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\"copyrightNotice\": \"\u00a9 MachinedQuartz\",\n    \"copyrightYear\": 2026\n  },\n  \"author\": {\n    \"@type\": \"Organization\",\n    \"name\": \"Machined Quartz\",\n    \"url\": \"https:\/\/machinedquartz.com\/\"\n  },\n  \"publisher\": {\n    \"@type\": \"Organization\",\n    \"name\": \"Machined Quartz\",\n    \"url\": \"https:\/\/machinedquartz.com\/\"\n  },\n  \"datePublished\": \"2025-10-25\",\n  \"dateModified\": \"2025-10-27\",\n  \"mainEntityOfPage\": \"https:\/\/machinedquartz.com\/zh-hant\/uv-vis-spectrophotometry-guide\/\",\n  \"about\": [\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Thing\",\n      \"name\": \"Ultraviolet\u2013visible spectroscopy\"\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Thing\",\n      \"name\": \"Beer\u2013Lambert law\"\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Thing\",\n      \"name\": \"Cuvette\"\n    }\n  ],\n  \"inLanguage\": \"zh-Hant\"\n}\n<\/script>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n  \"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\n  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  \"text\": \"\u77f3\u82f1\u5f9e\u7d04 190 nm \u4e00\u8def\u900f\u660e\u5230\u8fd1\u7d05\u5916\u3002\u5149\u5b78\u73bb\u7483\u7d04\u5728 340 nm \u622a\u6b62\u3001\u5851\u81a0\u7d04\u5728 380 nm\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5169\u8005\u90fd\u7121\u6cd5\u7528\u5728 DNA\u3001\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u8207\u82b3\u9999\u65cf\u5316\u5408\u7269\u6709\u5438\u6536\u7684\u7d2b\u5916\u5340\u3002200 nm \u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u6df1\u7d2b\u5916\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5168\u5408\u6210\u7684 JGS1 \u7b49\u7d1a\u6216\u85cd\u5bf6\u77f3\u624d\u662f\u5c0d\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u3002\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"UV-Vis \u8207\u53ef\u898b\u5149\u5206\u5149\u5149\u5ea6\u6cd5\u6709\u4f55\u5dee\u5225\uff1f\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"\u50c5\u53ef\u898b\u5149\u7684\u5206\u5149\u5149\u5ea6\u8a08\u7528\u55ae\u4e00\u93a2\u7d72\u71c8\uff0c\u5927\u81f4\u6db5\u84cb 320 \u5230 1,000 nm\u3002UV-Vis 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<div><strong>\u5be9\u95b1<\/strong>Bryan Wright\uff08\u5275\u8fa6\u4eba\uff0c\u65bc MQ 13+ \u5e74\uff09<\/div>\n    <div><strong>\u751f\u7522\u57fa\u5730<\/strong>1,300+ \u76ee\u9304 SKU \u00b7 \u51fa\u8ca8 40+ \u570b<\/div>\n    <div><strong>\u6700\u5f8c\u66f4\u65b0<\/strong>2026 \u5e74 4 \u6708 30 \u65e5 \u00b7 \u4e0b\u6b21\u5be9\u95b1 2026 \u5e74 10 \u6708<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"csg-eeat-bg\">\n    <strong>\u80cc\u666f\uff1a<\/strong> Bryan \u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u8a2d\u5099\u5e02\u5834\u8207\u77f3\u82f1\u5149\u5b78\u4f9b\u61c9\u5546\u5408\u4f5c\u591a\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c\u65bc 2013 \u5e74\u5275\u8fa6 MachinedQuartz\u3002\u672c\u6307\u5357\u4e2d\u95dc\u65bc\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u9078\u578b\u3001Z \u8ef8\u5c3a\u5bf8\u3001\u88fd\u9020\u7b49\u7d1a\u8207\u96dc\u6563\u5149\u5047\u8c61\u7684\u5be6\u52d9\u7b46\u8a18\uff0c\u4f86\u81ea MQ \u7684\u88fd\u9020\u7522\u7dda\u7d93\u9a57\u8207\u5ba2\u6236\u652f\u63f4\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u3002\u6d89\u53ca\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u6a19\u6e96\u8655\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u76f4\u63a5\u5f15\u7528 NIST\u3001USP \u8207 Chemistry LibreTexts\u3002\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n<div style=\"background:#f0f4ff;border:1px solid #c7d2fe;border-radius:10px;padding:20px 24px;margin:30px 0;\">\n\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 8px;font-weight:700;color:#3730a3;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.5px;text-transform:uppercase;\">\u5ef6\u4f38\u95b1\u8b80<\/p>\n\n<ul style=\"margin:0;padding-left:20px;list-style:none;\">\n\n<li style=\"padding:4px 0;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/machinedquartz.com\/zh-hant\/beer-lambert-law-cuvette-selection\/\" style=\"color:#1e40af;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">\u2192 \u6bd4\u723e-\u6717\u4f2f\u5b9a\u5f8b\u8207\u6bd4\u8272\u76bf\u9078\u578b<\/a><\/li>\n\n<li style=\"padding:4px 0;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/machinedquartz.com\/zh-hant\/quartz-flow-cells-hplc-continuous-flow\/\" style=\"color:#1e40af;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">\u2192 HPLC \u7528\u77f3\u82f1\u6d41\u901a\u6c60<\/a><\/li>\n\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>UV-Vis \u5206\u5149\u5149\u5ea6\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f \u5b9a\u91cf\u91cf\u6e2c\u6a23\u54c1\u5438\u6536\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u7d2b\u5916\u8207\u53ef\u898b\u5149\uff08190\u2013800 nm\uff09\uff0c\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7528\u65bc\u88fd\u85e5\u54c1\u7ba1\u3001\u751f<\/p>\n<div class=\"klb-readmore entry-button\"><a class=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/machinedquartz.com\/zh-hant\/uv-vis-spectrophotometry-guide\/\">Read 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